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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Gertrude's mother, who were the only people who had their hair cut off?
(a) Little boys.
(b) Captured white men.
(c) Unskilled warriors.
(d) White women.

2. What animals were slaughtered by the white hunters?
(a) Goats.
(b) Deer.
(c) Horses.
(d) Buffalo.

3. What did Gertrude become at the age of 17?
(a) An activist for Indians' rights.
(b) A young mother who gave up her children.
(c) An agent who separated Indian children from their parents.
(d) A young wife who left the area with her husband.

4. What is a tipi?
(a) An Indian shelter.
(b) A white man.
(c) A canoe.
(d) A bird.

5. The Yankton Indians were part of which Indian nation?
(a) Cheyenne.
(b) Sioux.
(c) Chippewa.
(d) Lakota.

6. What is the meaning of Zitkala-Sa?
(a) Blue skies.
(b) Wise owl.
(c) Red bird.
(d) Mountaintop.

7. What was the name of the boarding school?
(a) White's School for Indian Integration.
(b) White's Boarding School.
(c) White's Christian Day School.
(d) White's Manual Labor Institute.

8. Who is Tate?
(a) A young warrior.
(b) A Sioux chief.
(c) Gertrude's mother.
(d) The president's wife.

9. What did the cutting of Gertrude's braids symbolize?
(a) Rigorous hygiene.
(b) Submission to the white man.
(c) The elimination of vanity.
(d) Practicality.

10. How old was Gertrude when she wrote a scathing article in "Atlantic Monthly" regarding the mistreatment of Indians?
(a) 18.
(b) 13.
(c) 24.
(d) 16.

11. How did Gertrude get revenge on the matron who ordered her to mash the item in #59?
(a) She ran her dirty fingers through the mashed food.
(b) She put a jalapeno pepper in the mashed food.
(c) She spit in the dish of mashed food.
(d) She mashed so hard she broke the jar.

12. What did the headmistress do to Totowin for playing in the snow?
(a) She sent her to her room.
(b) She beat her.
(c) She withheld her supper.
(d) She made her wash dishes.

13. What role did Cloud Elk have in the tribe?
(a) Medicine man.
(b) Warrior.
(c) Chief.
(d) Hunter.

14. What was the only way the staff could cut Gertrude's hair?
(a) They threatened to starve her.
(b) They tied her to a chair.
(c) They waited until she was asleep.
(d) They sedated her.

15. Where was the boarding school located?
(a) Portland, Indiana.
(b) Indianapolis, Indiana.
(c) Wabash, Indiana.
(d) Fort Wayne, Indiana.

Short Answer Questions

1. A white woman tossed Gertrude around like ______________.

2. What did the white hunter promise to give to Prairie Flower?

3. What was the name of the Indian agency where Tate and the others received their government food rations?

4. Where did Gertrude hide to try to avoid getting her hair cut?

5. What did the Federal agents do to force the Indians to give up their children?

(see the answer keys)

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