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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who authored "Elements of International Law and Laws of War"?

2. Which former President is almost arrested for being a Southern sympathizer during the Civil War?

3. How long are military courts allowed to try civilians?

4. Why does Lincoln feel the need to censure John Fremont?

5. In Chapter 6, what are the primary reasons for most arrests of Northern citizens?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why is the Union careful to not offend Great Britain?

2. How does Lincoln explain his decision to suspend the writ of habeas corpus?

3. How does Dean Sprague depict Lincoln's character?

4. How does Clement Vallandingham's arrest affect the political climate of the North?

5. Describe President Lincoln's letter to Erastus Corning.

6. Why is the Banshee declared an agent of the Confederacy?

7. How does the USS Niphon capture the Ella and Annie?

8. What concerns do Union officials have about rebel defectors who claim to be seeking asylum in the Union?

9. How does the Mexican-American War influence Lincoln's perception of Constitutional issues?

10. Why are there several discrepancies among the reported number of civilians arrested during the Civil War?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe how the arrest and trial of Clement L. Vallandingham affects any bipartisan efforts between the Democratic and Republican parties. How does Vallandingham's arrest affect the publicity of the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus? How does Vallandingham's arrest affect Congress?

Essay Topic 2

Describe arguments for and against Lincoln's character and actions as President. Why do some early Civil War historians and Northern Democrats describe him as a dictator? How does Lincoln defend his character and actions against these accusations? In the light of history, how do most historians view the decisions he made during his administration?

Essay Topic 3

Describe how freedom of speech and freedom of the press are affected during Lincoln's administration. What is the purpose of this particular suppression of civil liberties? If these two rights had not been suppressed during the war, how might the outcome of the war have been affected?

(see the answer keys)

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