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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does Kenneth A. Bernard attempt to defend Lincoln's character?

2. What is an "arbitrary arrest"?

3. Which iron side steamship rams the USS Niphon?

4. How does General Grant propose to exchange civilian hostages?

5. Which ship captures the Banshee in 1863?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why does Horatio Seymour quote Lord Coke, by saying, "Where courts of law are open, martial law cannot be executed?"

2. How does Dean Sprague depict Lincoln's character?

3. How does Clement Vallandingham's arrest affect the political climate of the North?

4. Why is the Union careful to not offend Great Britain?

5. Why are modern historians unable to replicate or confirm Colonel F. C. Ainsworth's study?

6. Describe President Lincoln's letter to Erastus Corning.

7. How does the Mexican-American War influence Lincoln's perception of Constitutional issues?

8. How does Lincoln explain his decision to suspend the writ of habeas corpus?

9. What is the purpose of James G. Randall's book, "Constitutional Problems under Lincoln"?

10. Why is the Banshee declared an agent of the Confederacy?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How does Joseph Griffin's case set the stage for Ex parte Milligan? What impact does Mr. Griffin's case have on the practice of martial law towards the end of the Civil War? How might his case have affected the reconstruction of the South?

Essay Topic 2

Describe how the arrest and trial of Clement L. Vallandingham affects any bipartisan efforts between the Democratic and Republican parties. How does Vallandingham's arrest affect the publicity of the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus? How does Vallandingham's arrest affect Congress?

Essay Topic 3

What was the purpose of the Union's "scorched earth" policy? What legal precedents or laws are cited to excuse this practice? Describe the effect the scorched earth policy was intended to have on the South and the actual effect it had on the Confederacy.

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