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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In reviewing the "U.S. Army Court Martial Cases" of 1863-65, why does Lincoln sometimes disagree with Holt?

2. Why do the consequences of the Emancipation Proclamation concern Lincoln more than the reactions to the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus?

3. According to "The American Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1865," how many citizens are denied habeas corpus?

4. To which military and political leader does James Bryce liken President Lincoln?

5. In Chapter 9, why does the Illinois State Register accept martial law fait accompli?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Clement Vallandingham's arrest affect the political climate of the North?

2. How does the USS Niphon capture the Ella and Annie?

3. Why does James Bryce liken President Lincoln to Oliver Cromwell?

4. What is the purpose of James G. Randall's book, "Constitutional Problems under Lincoln"?

5. Who is Wes Bogan?

6. Why is the Banshee declared an agent of the Confederacy?

7. What concerns do Union officials have about rebel defectors who claim to be seeking asylum in the Union?

8. Describe President Lincoln's letter to Erastus Corning.

9. How does the Mexican-American War influence Lincoln's perception of Constitutional issues?

10. Why are there several discrepancies among the reported number of civilians arrested during the Civil War?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe how the arrest and trial of Clement L. Vallandingham affects any bipartisan efforts between the Democratic and Republican parties. How does Vallandingham's arrest affect the publicity of the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus? How does Vallandingham's arrest affect Congress?

Essay Topic 2

How does Joseph Griffin's case set the stage for Ex parte Milligan? What impact does Mr. Griffin's case have on the practice of martial law towards the end of the Civil War? How might his case have affected the reconstruction of the South?

Essay Topic 3

Describe the purpose of Lincoln's Corning letter. Why does Lincoln feel he must explain his actions to Corning and his associates? How do Northern Democrats react to the letter? What impact does Francis Lieber's recommendation in 1864 have on later interpretations of the letter?

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