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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the New York Tribune, what percentage of military arrests are unjustified?

2. As a congressman in 1848, why doesn't Lincoln want to wait for a constitutional amendment?

3. According to Lincoln, whom does the constitution give the power to declare war?

4. What war makes Lincoln aware of the importance of constitutional issues?

5. What sentence does Joseph Holt request for Wes Brogan?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why is the Banshee declared an agent of the Confederacy?

2. How does the USS Niphon capture the Ella and Annie?

3. Why does Francis Lieber recommend trials by military commission in 1864?

4. Why are modern historians unable to replicate or confirm Colonel F. C. Ainsworth's study?

5. How does Dean Sprague depict Lincoln's character?

6. Describe Ex parte Milligan.

7. What is the "White Flag Affair?"

8. According to the laws of war, what happens to neutral crewmen when a neutral ship is confiscated?

9. What happens at Pohick Church in 1861?

10. Why is the Union careful to not offend Great Britain?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe how fraud affects the Lincoln administration during the Civil War. What actions does Lincoln take to prevent fraud within the government? How does fraud affect the progress of the Union Army during the war?

Essay Topic 2

What was the purpose of the Union's "scorched earth" policy? What legal precedents or laws are cited to excuse this practice? Describe the effect the scorched earth policy was intended to have on the South and the actual effect it had on the Confederacy.

Essay Topic 3

Describe the purpose of Lincoln's Corning letter. Why does Lincoln feel he must explain his actions to Corning and his associates? How do Northern Democrats react to the letter? What impact does Francis Lieber's recommendation in 1864 have on later interpretations of the letter?

(see the answer keys)

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