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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was carried by the apparition of a white woman who appeared before the warriors of the O'Odham in 1699?
(a) A flaming sword.
(b) A cross.
(c) A black iron bell.
(d) A cluster of snakes.

2. What collapsing commodity most damaged the economy of Veracruz?
(a) Diamonds.
(b) Milk.
(c) Oil.
(d) Coffee.

3. When do most border crossings from Mexico take place?
(a) Border crossings do not take place at any particular time.
(b) Between 11 p.m. and 3 a.m.
(c) Between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.
(d) Between 3 p.m. and 11 p.m.

4. What was the nationality of the first group of undocumented immigrants hunted by American Border Patrol in the 1880s?
(a) Canadian.
(b) Chinese.
(c) Jamaican.
(d) Mexican.

5. What is the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument famous for?
(a) It was the birthplace of John Wayne.
(b) It was the first national monument managed entirely by undocumented workers.
(c) UFOs are rumored to have landed there in ancient times.
(d) It is the most dangerous national park in America.

Short Answer Questions

1. From what is the term "tonks," used in reference to border crossers by Border Patrol agents, derived?

2. What was the name for the stretch of desert that the walkers found themselves lost in?

3. How was the work of Coyotes gendered in banda subculture?

4. Why was the sign reading, "USA Prohibido!" (57) confusing to Spanish-speakers?

5. How did Operation Gatekeeper change the routes walkers took to cross the border?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who oversaw the human smuggling operation that led the Yuma 14 into the desert?

2. To whom does the term "Coyotes" refer?

3. Who was the man that Border Patrol agents referred to as "Rooster Boy"?

4. Who were the Yuma 14?

5. According to Urrea, how did Operation Gatekeeper change border crossings?

6. Who is Mike F.?

7. From what state did most of the Yuma 14 come?

8. Why were the walkers hoping to encounter Border Patrol agents, even though they were crossing without authorization?

9. According to Urrea, what is the most sensible interpretation of the sign "USA Prohibido!" for Spanish-speakers?

10. What condition were the bodies of the Yuma 14 in when they were found?

(see the answer keys)

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