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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Victor Hugo often use as an archetype as a hero?

2. What is the section titled "Ecole Polytechnique" refer to in regards to the changes made in Europe in the 1800s?

3. What rank did the man initially have in Daumier's story shown in Chapter 10?

4. Which of the following courses is not included in the field of polytechnics?

5. What religious denomination does the author discuss being cultivated in the community in Chapter 12?

Short Essay Questions

1. How is the creation of polytechnics first discussed in the book?

2. Discuss the story of a man named Gavroche in the book.

3. How does the author describe the plight of European men in Chapter 9?

4. What does the author say about Karl Marx's development of Communist beliefs?

5. How does the author describe the workaholic actions of the poor in Chapter 12?

6. Describe the four groups involved in Fourier's schema.

7. How does the author describe the two distinctive ideas within Germany and France in regard to social order?

8. How does the author describe street fighting methods in Munich?

9. How does the author first describe philanthropy in the book?

10. How does the author describe the upper class's inability to relate to the lower class?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Compare and contrast the portrayal of work and retirement in the book. How were these two acts considered similar to one another in the European culture in the 1800s given the definition given of each term by the author?

Essay Topic 2

Discuss the concept of fantasy presented in the book. What role did the creation of fantasy within areas like the arcades play in the way others viewed society in Europe? Why did vendors feel the need to create such fantasy?

Essay Topic 3

Technology is a leading theme throughout the book that is shown evolving over the course of the book. Part 1.) What role did technology have in the success of the arcades? Part 2.) How did technology harm some aspects of society and who did it affect most? Part 3.) What triumphs did the European public find from technology and what movements did it lead to?

(see the answer keys)

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