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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What term does Barbara Johnson define as "an already read text" (131)?
(a) Xenophobe.
(b) Slave.
(c) Stereotype.
(d) Abolitionist.

2. Gates asserts that the two-pronged attack strategies used by whites during Redemption were of what type?
(a) Legal and representational.
(b) Representational and violent.
(c) Medical and legal.
(d) Logical and emotional.

3. Who was "anointed in the white press as the manifestation, the embodiment, of the New Negro" (191)?
(a) Frederick Douglass.
(b) Booker T. Washington.
(c) Langston Hughes.
(d) W.E.B. Du Bois.

4. What was the approximate population of African Americans within the United States in 1920?
(a) 80,000,000.
(b) 30,000,000.
(c) 10,000,000.
(d) 50,000,000.

5. In what medium was the work of art entitled A Negro with Chains Broken but Not Off composed?
(a) Dance.
(b) Painting.
(c) Theater.
(d) Sculpture.

Short Answer Questions

1. What film does Gates name as containing parodies of African American stereotypes?

2. Gates asserts that African American women were grouped by whites into how many categories within nineteenth century popular culture?

3. How many years after the Plessy vs. Ferguson verdict did Charles W. Chesnutt publish his novel entitled The Marrow of Tradition?

4. In what year was the National League of Colored Women founded?

5. With what crime were lynchings always associated by the murderers carrying out the sentence?

Short Essay Questions

1. For what reason does Gates refer to Homi K. Bhabha's discussion of stereotypes?

2. What did Mississippi Supreme Court Justice Joseph McKenna write about African Americans in a majority opinion report in 1898?

3. What was the sole reason for whites' wide distribution of racist images of African Americans in the late-nineteenth century?

4. For what reasons does Gates consider a particular Mississippi Supreme Court Justice's words about African Americans in 1898 so significant?

5. What percentage of African Americans lived in the South by 1900?

6. What percentage of the African American community was still enslaved in 1860?

7. How many people are estimated to have been part of the Talented Tenth in 1920?

8. What does Gates mean when he discusses the way in which the collective image of the African American in 1890s popular culture functioned like a visual mantra?

9. For what purpose does Gates underscore the notion of agency within his discussion of the New Negro movement?

10. Discuss the significance of Booker T. Washington's 1895 Atlanta Compromise speech.

(see the answer keys)

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