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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to the author, politicians have separated the Sovereign Will into which of the following?
(a) Separate votes.
(b) Separate jurisdictions.
(c) Separate wills.
(d) Separate buildings.

2. Which of the following best describes Grotius?
(a) A scientific philosopher.
(b) A social philosopher.
(c) A family philosopher.
(d) A religious philosopher.

3. What type of community does the author envision in a seaside state?
(a) Populous community.
(b) Agricultural community.
(c) Shipping community.
(d) Industrial community.

4. The fourth type of law is the moral law of custom, also referred to as which of the following?
(a) Speech.
(b) Opinion.
(c) Religion.
(d) Thinking.

5. According to the author, the state does not have a right to take the life of an individual who threatens which of the following?
(a) Other individuals.
(b) Ideas and technology.
(c) Property.
(d) National defense.

6. The author states that slavery is established and perpetuated by which of the following?
(a) War.
(b) A majority.
(c) Force.
(d) Taxes.

7. According to the author, which of the following contributes toward obedience having less value?
(a) Respect.
(b) External forces.
(c) Fear.
(d) Desire.

8. When an individual's will is in conflict with the will of the whole, what must the individual do?
(a) Advocate for his position.
(b) Surrender his will.
(c) Revolt.
(d) Draw people to his side.

9. Who is Grotius?
(a) A philosopher.
(b) A king.
(c) A revolutionary.
(d) A father.

10. The Sovereign Will is the expression of desired action to meet which of the following?
(a) The needs of the government.
(b) The needs of the community.
(c) The needs of the state.
(d) The needs of the citizens.

11. According to the author, the ideal legislator is objective, intelligent, and which of the following?
(a) Creative.
(b) Compassionate.
(c) Delicate.
(d) Understanding.

12. If the natural circumstances are not taken into account by the legislator, what type of status will the state be in?
(a) Anarchy.
(b) Peaceful.
(c) Agitation.
(d) War-like.

13. The author believes that Grotius formed his theories with the sole aim of flattering and ingratiating himself with whom of the following?
(a) The French king.
(b) The German king.
(c) The English king.
(d) The Spanish king.

14. The author believes that a seaside state has almost unlimited means of which of the following?
(a) Expansion.
(b) Supporting itself.
(c) Peace.
(d) Providing income.

15. According to the author, people who live under a tyrant or despot, yet find their lives peaceful, are experiencing which of the following types of slavery?
(a) Thoughtful.
(b) Social.
(c) Spiritual.
(d) Political.

Short Answer Questions

1. The author suggests that which of the following types of law is the foundation for all other laws?

2. According to the author, which of the following does the state have a right to do to people who threaten the state?

3. The private will is inclined to which of the following?

4. According to the author, which of the following does man give up in the social contract?

5. According to the author, which of the following does man gain in the social contract?

(see the answer keys)

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