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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In which country did Emilian Zapata introduce radical agrarian reform?
(a) Western Peru.
(b) Central Honduras.
(c) Northern Brazil.
(d) Southen Mexico.

2. Who was Augusto Cesar Sandino?
(a) He was a Mexican peasant who became President of Mexico.
(b) He was a Salvadoran coffee plantation owner.
(c) He was a Nicaraguan guerilla who fought for the peasant's land rights.
(d) He was a Brazilian revolutionary famous for standing up to the government.

3. What Spanish city was reconquered in 1492 under the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella?
(a) Barcelona.
(b) Madrid.
(c) Granada.
(d) Salamanca.

4. What area's maps were given to private concerns with the aid of a US government geological survey?
(a) Uruguay.
(b) Bolivia.
(c) Amazonia.
(d) The Andes.

5. Who was the English monarch at the time of this incident?
(a) King George I, who declared war on Bolivia.
(b) King Henry VIII, after which congratulated Melgarejo on being creative.
(c) Queen Elizabeth II, who ignored the incident.
(d) Queen Victoria, after which claimed Bolivia no longer existed.

Short Answer Questions

1. What resource replaced nitrate as Chile's main export?

2. What did the export of guano help stave off in Europe?

3. What is expropriation?

4. What rationalization was used by the conquerors who enslaved the native populations?

5. What do coffee and petroleum have in common?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why can many Latin American countries not sustain the developments of manufacture?

2. Though coffee and petroleum are invaluable on a world market, why does Latin America still not profit from having these resources in abundance?

3. What is a "pongo"?

4. What were some of the major accomplishments, etc, that Latin American sugar and slave trade contributed to directly?

5. What caused the War of the Pacific, 1879-1893?

6. Who is Jose Artigas and what did he accomplish?

7. Who was John Thomas North and what did he do?

8. Today, what resource is mined in Minas Gerais, and by whom?

9. How did the USA attempt to discourage the world market from purchasing oil from Brazil?

10. Describe some of the technological accomplishments of the original inhabitants of Latin American--the Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs.

(see the answer keys)

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