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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does a tanner use to soften an animal's hide?

2. Why do housewives frequently refrain from wearing makeup or wigs?

3. What is a garderobe?

4. How many shillings make up one pound?

5. What is "churching?"

Short Essay Questions

1. What are some typical household duties a wife or her servant is expected to perform?

2. What do Jews tend to lend money at higher interest rates than their Christian counterparts.

3. What enterprises might a wealthy burgher pursue in order to gain more wealth?

4. What are the purposes of fireplaces in Troyes?

5. How do doctors of the 13th century differ from doctors of the Dark Ages a few centuries earlier?

6. What are some typical dining manners observed in 1250 in Troyes?

7. Describe the physical geography and layout of Troyes.

8. Describe the journey a merchant might take to a fair in Troyes.

9. In the tenth and eleventh centuries, what helped cement the growth of bourgs?

10. Describe what a tanner does.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

A drastic development in the rise of cities like Troyes is the charter.

1) What is the charter? Who agrees to the charter? What benefits do the citizens derive from having such a charter?

2) How are the mayor and town council members selected? Include in your answer a discussion of "co-optation."

3) How is justice handled in Troyes in 1250? Describe the three theories of justice that Troyes justice is based from.

Essay Topic 2

Books and authors are the subject of Chapter 12.

1) Who are the Goliards? What kind of writing are they known for?

2) Describe the rise of the vernacular language. Why does this language begin to displace Latin? Which authors are associated with the vernacular?

3) Define the following types of literature, and give one example of an author and text for each type: Poetry, Prose, fabliaux, romance.

Essay Topic 3

Ordinary craftspeople aspire to become wealthy and well-respected merchants.

1) Wool is a lucrative commodity. How is wool processed? Describe the multistep process.

2) What is the right of coinage, and who possesses the right? What is a denier? How does the right of coinage affect the denier?

3) What is society's view of moneylending? What is the Church's view of money-lending?

(see the answer keys)

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