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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Waugh describe society?

2. What was Brecht's first Marxist work that was produced in 1930?

3. Why did Waugh dislike his contemporary, Cyril Connolly?

4. What year was Bertrand Russell born?

5. What friend did Russell give $3000.00 of stock to during WWII?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Sartre feel towards America?

2. What type of relationships did Gollancz have with people from the working class?

3. Why was Hellman blacklisted from Hollywood in 1948?

4. What made Sartre famous in 1944?

5. How did Gollancz typically make his agreements with authors?

6. What redeeming quality does Johnson specifically note of Brecht?

7. According to Johnson, what did Orwell believe about what force had the power to shape the world.

8. What event caused Orwell to realize that the left was capable of injustice and cruelty of kind almost unknown?

9. Briefly describe the life of Dashiell Hammett, Hellman's long time lover.

10. What business arrangements did Brecht make for himself in 1949 that gave him artistic freedom as well as great revenue?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Johnson identifies rebellion against convention as a motivation for most intellectuals. Selecting several intellectuals and using textual evidence describe how their philosophy could be viewed as a rebellion against pervading society and describe how it changed the way people looked at conventions.

Essay Topic 2

One recurrent theme in Intellectual is that of self promotion at all costs, even using false information and media tactics to create a persona. Using specific textual examples discuss how at least two intellectuals embodied this idea of self promotion and executed the development of their persona.

Essay Topic 3

Define the philosophy of existentialism and how it influenced society, both in the time of Jena-Paul Sartre and today.

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