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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Before 1984, what do many Beirutis attribute their problems to?

2. According to Friedman, what do the Americans believe is the Lebanese problem?

3. Friedman analyzes Hama from different perspectives. What is one of these perspectives?

4. Why is the PLO in a strange position?

5. When do the U.S. Marines arrive in Beirut the first time?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who or what was the Muslim Brotherhood and what did they want?

2. What two suicide bombings occurred in 1983 against American targets?

3. Why did Friedman refer to Yasir Arafat as the "teflon guerrilla"?

4. Why is there support for the Israeli invasion from both political parties?

5. Do all Jewish leaders favor creating two states - one for Jews and one for Arabs?

6. What was the city of Beirut like before the war?

7. What was Friedman's first story about in his high school paper?

8. Why did the Marines return to Beirut and how were they received then?

9. In Chapter 1, Friedman says that the book is about his journey between two worlds. What are these two worlds?

10. When and why was Arafat able to take control of the PLO?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Why and how did the United States become involved in the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982? What event caused the United States to withdraw?

Essay Topic 2

Define/identify the following groups and what role they play in the Middle East: Maronites, Shiites, Druse, Sunnis, Phalangists, Alawites, Baath Party,Zionists, Likud Party, Labor Party, Ultra-Orthodox, Hezbollah

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the changes in the relationship between Israel and American Jews from the 1950s to the late 1980s. What are the reasons for the changes? Are these changes likely to be permanent?

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