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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many indicators of formal and informal community networks and social trust were studied across the U.S. to rate the average social capital of various states?

2. When was the Progressive Era?

3. Where was it first written that "To everything there is a season, and a time for every purpose under the heaven"?

4. What was North Carolina's rank in the nation in terms of SAT scores, achievement tests, and dropout rates?

5. After 1870, how many more patents were generated than in previous years?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Putnam see as a trend in newspaper readership?

2. What was different about American males in their sixties and seventies at the end of the twentieth century than their grandsons?

3. Why did Putnam believe that there was an increase in nostalgia in the late twentieth century?

4. What did Putnam believe that leaders and activists must seek to do to rebuild social capital?

5. What were some inventions that transformed American life after 1870?

6. When people said that television was their main form of entertainment, what activities did these people participate in less often?

7. Materially, how did the standard of living improve in the United States during the 50 years after the Civil War?

8. What is one of the strongest predictors of whether inner-city black youths find jobs and why?

9. How did commentators like Michael Schudson and Alan Wolfe view the change in social capital from the 1950s to the 1960s?

10. What characteristics did criminologist Robert J. Sampson see in communities that had increased crime and violence?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss bridging and bonding and provide some examples of how these types of social capital work in society.

Essay Topic 2

"Machers" and "schmoozers" represent the distinction between formal and informal social connectedness. Compare and contrast "machers" and "schmoozers."

Essay Topic 3

The mass-membership organization rose in the late twentieth century. Discuss the mass-membership organization and its role in society.

(see the answer keys)

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