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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the profession shared by Julian's two brothers?

2. How old was Julian's grandmother when he left for college?

3. What was the name of the school?

4. One of Carver's main concerns at the outset was how to do what?

5. Julian's grandfather was punished by his master for learning to write. What was the punishment?

Short Essay Questions

1. The author discusses Drew's career during World War II and his work with the American Red Cross. Discuss Drew's work and experiences with the Red Cross.

2. Describe Carver's traumatic childhood.

3. Discuss Drew's study and experiments in the preservation of blood while he attended the Columbia School of Medicine.

4. What was one of Wright's biggest accomplishments in the medical field? When and where was the discovery made?

5. Discuss Carver's first run in with racism in the educational system. What did Carver do to combat the issue?

6. Charles Richard Drew was a noted physician and scientist. Before Drew entered the world of medicine, he exhibited athletic prowess. Discuss Drew's athletic ability.

7. What did Carver say in reference to his advice to the farmers regarding peanut crops?

8. Discuss at least three of Wright's affiliations in the medical community.

9. George Washington Carver is a well known scientist that has made significant contributions to agriculture. Discuss Carver's field of study and contributions.

10. Discuss Wright's relationship with his stepfather. Did the stepfather encourage Wright to go into medicine? Did Wright's father inspire the choice? What prestigious universities were attended by Penn and Ketcham?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Louis Haber is credited with writing an unusual book dedicated to black pioneers and inventors. Explain why the book is so unusual. What prompted Haber to write it? Do you think the reason was a good one? What is your opinion of the book? What was the most interesting thing you learned from the book?

Essay Topic 2

There are many trends that are apparent throughout the text in regards to education. Which universities were attended the most? Were the universities influential? Which still exist? Why did the doctors and scientists choose to attend and sometimes work at these particular schools? What were the educational barriers placed before the men as they attempted to enter college? Examine the benefits of university education as it applies to each scientist and/or inventor.

Essay Topic 3

Granville T. Woods had a great deal of experience in the field of electricity before returning to his status as a full time inventor. Create a time line of Woods' inventions. Write at least two paragraphs on each invention. What other inventors may have been involved? What was Woods' most important invention? How many patents did Woods hold?

(see the answer keys)

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