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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the name of the hospital founded by WIlliams?

2. Williams was bestowed with the title of Surgeon General for which state?

3. What was the chosen field of study for Julian?

4. Which company turned Julian away when the executives realized Julian was black?

5. Where did the majority of Carver's work take place?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the origin, family atmosphere and youth of the Daniel Hale Williams family.

2. Discuss Carver's first run in with racism in the educational system. What did Carver do to combat the issue?

3. Discuss Carver's work in the field of plant pathology. Plant pathology can be considered a specialty of what field? What were Carver's biggest discoveries in this area?

4. Describe Carver's experiments regarding various products that could be created from legumes and other crops. How many derivatives did Carver discover?

5. Discuss Wright's relationship with his stepfather. Did the stepfather encourage Wright to go into medicine? Did Wright's father inspire the choice? What prestigious universities were attended by Penn and Ketcham?

6. When did Lloyd Hall become interested in chemistry? What organization did Hall form? What was Hall's motto?

7. Discuss Drew's study and experiments in the preservation of blood while he attended the Columbia School of Medicine.

8. Describe Carver's traumatic childhood.

9. What school was attended by Drew? Who collaborated with Drew on the subject of blood transfusions? What caused the concern by the teacher and student?

10. How did Carver's methods help the farmer's in a monetary sense?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Louis Tompkins Wright was most well known for his work in developing a vaccination for smallpox during his tenure in the US Army's Medical Corps. Wright also introduced what kind of medicine? What other field did Wright work in that made significant advancements? How did Wright become involved in research? Did Wright continue to work as a surgeon? Create a time line of Wright's life, education, and professional life.

Essay Topic 2

There are many trends that are apparent throughout the text in regards to education. Which universities were attended the most? Were the universities influential? Which still exist? Why did the doctors and scientists choose to attend and sometimes work at these particular schools? What were the educational barriers placed before the men as they attempted to enter college? Examine the benefits of university education as it applies to each scientist and/or inventor.

Essay Topic 3

Benjamin Banneker was a unique man that lived in Colonial times. Why was Banneker considered to be different than other blacks at the time? Examine Banneker's fascination with clocks and watches. What do you think inspired Banneker's interest in mathematics? How did Banneker develop his passion for mathematics? What were Banneker's experiences involving clocks?

(see the answer keys)

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