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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What makes philosophers think that people do not have free will?
(a) The mathematics of probabilities.
(b) Causal necessity in nature.
(c) Divine will.
(d) The inexorable shape of history.

2. What is a power, according to Locke?
(a) Something that liberates people from fate.
(b) Something that can make a change in the world.
(c) Something that acts as fate for people.
(d) Something that moves things in natural cycles.

3. How does Locke define the difference between freedom and will?
(a) Freedom is the ability to act; will is the freedom to choose.
(b) Freedom is the ability to act; will is a type of power.
(c) Freedom is riding light in the harness; will is the engine for progress.
(d) Freedom is the ability to let an internal power dictate one's actions; will is the source of the internal power.

4. What would happen if words referred to particular things, in Locke's opinion?
(a) There would have to be a word for each thing.
(b) No one would know that classes of things existed.
(c) Everyone would need to be an even larger language for classes of things.
(d) No one would understand each other's vocabulary.

5. What abuse does Locke say is typical of scholars?
(a) Using obscure words.
(b) Using technical language.
(c) Using foreign languages.
(d) Using poetic language.

6. What happens to love over time, according to Locke?
(a) It creates freedom.
(b) Unlike other ideas, it remains constant if it is true.
(c) It leads to marriage and commitment in acts.
(d) Like other ideas, it fades unless it is renewed.

7. What does Locke use as a definition of active powers?
(a) Gravity.
(b) Luck.
(c) Will or volition.
(d) Heat.

8. What does Locke's discussion of number lead into a discussion of?
(a) Seeing points of view.
(b) Reflecting on numbers.
(c) Constructing simple modes.
(d) Constructing complex modes.

9. What does Locke say we about words that cannot be defined any further?
(a) They are simple ideas.
(b) They are complex ideas.
(c) They are essential ideas.
(d) They are general words.

10. How does Locke resolve the contradiction between people who believe in free will and people who do not?
(a) He says that there is indeterminism on a sub-atomic level, that allows for free choice.
(b) He says that people have a choice whether to follow their wills.
(c) He says that the world has choices, even if people do not.
(d) He says that determinism is determined in free choices in every moment.

11. What does Locke say is the purpose of language?
(a) Prayer.
(b) Conflict resolution.
(c) Communication.
(d) Diplomacy.

12. What does Locke say words refer to?
(a) Things in the world.
(b) Plants and animals.
(c) Experiences of pleasure and pain.
(d) Inner ideas.

13. What consequence does Locke describe if there were individual words for each thing?
(a) Knowledge would be impeded.
(b) Trade would be impossible.
(c) Economies would remain simple.
(d) Politics would be chaotic.

14. What do cause and effect derive from according to Locke?
(a) Good and evil.
(b) Pain and pleasure.
(c) Cause and effect.
(d) Freedom and fate.

15. What can we talk about once we begin to abstract?
(a) Particular things.
(b) Essences of things.
(c) Things in general.
(d) The context for things.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Locke's illustration show?

2. What does Locke say desires have in common?

3. What does Locke say allows us to see ourselves as free agents?

4. What are people who believe in human freedom called?

5. Why does Locke say we cannot have an innate morality?

(see the answer keys)

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