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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In which year did the Persians capture Sidon from the Greeks?

2. After the battle of Granicus, Alexander established a base in what location?

3. While sieging Tyre, Alexander traveled to which city for reinforcements and his warships?

4. Why was the Persian invasion of Greece called off?

5. Which of the following was NOT captured by Alexander at Damascus?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Alexander's sack of Thebes. What negotiations occurred (and failed) prior to the city's destruction?

2. What was the nature of the deal Alexander struck with Queen Ada in Allinda? Why was this a politically crafty strategy?

3. Describe the battle of Chaeronea. Who won, and how?

4. What immediate actions did Alexander take after his father Philip was murdered?

5. Why did Alexander send Parmenio to Damascus shortly after Alexander met Darius at Marathos? What did Parmenio succeed in procuring?

6. What was the last mission on which Philip sent Alexander?

7. Describe the battle of Pelium, including its pretext and its outcome.

8. Describe Alexander's time in Gordium, including the Gordian Knot and the omen Alexander believed he received from Zeus.

9. Describe the diplomatic fallout in regards to Persia's capturing of Sidon in 345 BC.

10. Describe how Philip was murdered. What was the outcome of this murder?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

a) Describe the manner in which Darius died.

b) How did Darius' death impact Alexander's political as well as military strategies? What challenges did the death present?

c) How did Alexander react to Darius' death, and how did he change his strategy to suit the moment?

Essay Topic 2

a) Why did Alexander's victory at Gaugamela and resultant strategy represent a turning point in Alexander's relationship with his professional army? How did this relationship progress over time?

b) Describe the events of Chenab and Chenab citadel, and how they relate to Alexander's relationship with his troops.

b) Describe what action Alexander took at Opis, and how it relates to his relationship with his troops.

Essay Topic 3

Describe the battle of Issus. Include:

a) the pretext to the battle;

b) the major combatants;

c) the geographical context;

d) the events of the battle itself, including strategy and tactics; and

e) the results of the battle.

(see the answer keys)

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