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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did Robert Abbott establish the Chicago Defender?

2. In Thirteen: "Full to Bursting," how many people did a rooming-house owner house in a three-month period?

3. In Ten: "Northern Fever," where did the police confiscate the Defender?

4. What was the circulation of the Chicago Defender in 1919?

5. How much were teachers paid monthly in Chicago in Ten: "Northern Fever"?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why wre blacks worried in 1919 about jobs, and what seemed to confirm their worries?

2. In March 1919, what did A. L. Jackson say about the mindset of the returned black soldier?

3. What was the situation throughout 1918 as migrants continued to move to Chicago?

4. In 1917 what call did President Woodrow Wilson make and how did immigrants and blacks respond?

5. Why did blacks help elect Republican William Thompson as mayor in 1915?

6. In 1917, what was Louis Swift's goal regarding unions, and what strategy did he use that his father used?

7. What were some company-sponsored social groups that were established in Twelve, "A Job, Any Job"?

8. Why was there a housing shortage in the Black Belt in Thirteen: "Full to Bursting"?

9. In Thirteen: "Full to Bursting," why could blacks not move to different areas than the Black Belt?

10. Who was running against Bill Thompson in 1919?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Southern blacks were met at the train depot in Chicago by blacks and white who helped them assimilate into life in Chicago. What groups helped Southern blacks assimilate into life in Chicago? What did those efforts reveal about black solidarity?

Essay Topic 2

Many black men fought in the Great War. What did black men experience when they fought in the war? How did the experiences that they had affect their expectations of life when they returned home?

Essay Topic 3

There were tensions among the different unions and the races they represented. Why were unions mostly unsuccessful in getting blacks to join? What role did the work of the unions play in racial tensions in the early 1900s?

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