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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The overlapping shields of the Spartan soldiers create a solid wall of ___________.

2. Leonidas declines the offer from Persia, realizing his last stand efforts will make him eternally ____________.

3. Who refused to abandon Ephialtes' mother, which also helped to save him?

4. Which force has been in hiding and is sprung as the second trap against the Persian special army?

5. What is Ephialtes not able to raise to the proper height, as seen in his demonstration of his fighting ability?

Short Essay Questions

1. What tale does Dilios tell as the Persian Ambassador visits the Spartan camp?

2. What does Leonidas see as a major flaw in King Xerxes?

3. What is the hoplite phalanx formation that the Spartans use and what happens when it is used in battle?

4. Where do the Spartan defensive tactics center (location-wise) in the beginning of this chapter?

5. What is the initial reaction to the Persian Ambassador when he comes into camp?

6. What does King Xerxes offer to Leonidas when he comes into the camp the evening after battle?

7. What is shown in the graphics to represent the harsh training the soldiers undergo at camp?

8. What does Ephialtes hope to gain from fighting with the Spartan army as one of the soldiers?

9. Why wasn't Ephialtes left to die of exposure in the fields in Sparta like other deformed children?

10. What is the Persian Ambassador worried about when he approaches camp?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The physical training Leonidas asks of his soldiers is intense, but necessary in order to fight well on the battlefield.

Part 1: Why do you think Leonidas values this intense training?

Part 2: Why haven't the soldiers been put into this intense training until just before the battle?

Part 3: If the soldiers Leonidas picked were already professional soldiers, why do they need more training?

Essay Topic 2

The bravery of the Spartans is seen from the very beginning of the battle with the Persians.

Part 1: How do you think the bronze armor helped the bravery of the Spartans?

Part 2: Do you think that all of Leonidas' army is as brave as he thinks they are? Why or why not?

Part 3: What might make a soldier true to his army? What makes a soldier brave enough to fight?

Essay Topic 3

Some of the people in the Persian army are driven ahead, only by the lashes of a whip.

Part 1: Do you think pain or fear of pain is a good enough reason to fight well for an army?

Part 2: What are some other ways that the soldiers in the Persian army could have been motivated?

Part 3: Why do you think the soldiers lashed the soldiers during the battle?

(see the answer keys)

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