Choice and Aims. Whether they practice Igbo, Yoruba, Akan, or other West African traditional religions, believers take part in remarkably similar rituals—just as one finds similar rituals among the many denominations of Christian churches or among the various sects of Islam. During the years 500-1590—and in the present day—West Africans could choose which of the several gods and cults best suited their needs. Thus, even the people of a single culture group might worship different gods.

Choosing a Deity. Believers want to influence the intentions of a divinity in order to secure protection for themselves, their families, and possessions; to obtain blessings of spiritual, emotional, and material plenitude; to give praise and thanksgiving to the gods when such blessings are received; or to appease any gods who might have been offended. A pressing personal or familial...