Responsible Viewing.

With the explosion of new networks and greater availability of ever-increasing violence on television, parents and politicians became concerned in the 1990s about children's access to violent programming. As early as 1992 the technical standards for a "violence chip," to provide parents with a way to block particular television programs, were discussed at meetings of the Electronic Industries Association. The v-chip reads information encoded in a rated program and blocks programs based on the parent's selections. In 1992 the v-chip was shot down by broadcasters who were afraid it might limit audiences and advertising revenue, but by 1994 the industry group agreed to begin including the device in more-expensive televisions.

Telecommunications Reform.

In the midst of the ever-growing telecommunications industry, Congress, along with President Bill Clinton, recognized the need for reform in order to promote competition, stimulate private investment, improve access to information, and provide...