In 1922 the controversy between newly organized" Fundamentalists and, moderate and liberal Protestants boiled over when Harry Emerson Fosdick of the First Presbyterian Clurch in New York City gave a sermon, "Shall the Fundamentalists win?,", that attracted extensive attention and forced a confrontation between the opposing forces for control of the northern Baptist and Presbyterian Churches. Fosdick said that the Fundamentalist controversy "threatens to divide the American churches as though already they were not sufficiently split and riven," noting that the Fundamentalists' "apparent intention is to drive out of the evangelical churches men and women of liberal opinions." Distinguishing Fundamentalism as an "essentially illiberal and intolerant" type of conservatism, Fosdick criticized its refusal to take into account "new knowledge about the physical universe, its origin, its forces, its laws; new knowledge about human history and in particular about the ways in...