Peace Advocates.

In 1914, when Andrew Carnegie put forth a $2 million endowment for the founding of the Church Peace Union, talk of world peace was all the rage. The Church Peace Union, whose board of trustees included Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish leaders, took its place among some thirty other peace societies working toward the goals of a league of nations and a system of arbitration for the resolution of international conflicts. The Federal Council of Churches, the major Protestant ecumenical body, established a Commission on Peace and Arbitration in the same year and worked to help secure a diplomatic solution to the rising tensions in Europe. Several progressive religious leaders, including John Haynes Holmes and Rabbi Stephen Wise, joined prominent reformers such as Jane Addams, Lillian Wald, Frederic C. Howe, and Florence Kelley in founding the American Union Against Militarism...