During the latter half of the nineteenth century, Europe experienced a sudden growth in industry and commercial innovations that forever changed they ways of business and living. These transitions came about suddenly, but their history of origin can be traced by the physical transformations of the cities and towns of urban Europe. The physical changes of late nineteenth century Europe were a prominent cause of reform and had many social consequences. The people had very little time to adjust to this now ever-changing world of commerce.

The smokestacks of huge factories pierced the sky and their popularity among the developing areas showed a real change in European history. Until this time, such large-scale manufacture had never been seen in Europe. The new machines and devices made the marketing of a product much easier, and the results faster and more beneficial. The middle class now began to control more...