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Appendix VII Endnotes

1 In 1962, section 2318, entitled “Transportation, sale, or receipt of phonograph records bearing forged or counterfeit labels,” was added to title 18 of the United States Code. Pub.  L. No. 87-773, 76 Stat. 775.  In 1974, section 2318 was amended to change the penalties.  Pub.  L. No. 93-573, 88 Stat. 1873.  The Copyright Act of 1976 revised section 2318 with an amendment in the nature of a substitute.  Pub.  L. No. 94-553, 90 Stat. 2541, 2600.  The Piracy and Counterfeiting Amendments Act of 1982 again revised section 2318 with an amendment in the nature of a substitute that included a new title, “Trafficking in counterfeit labels for phonorecords, and copies of motion pictures or other audiovisual works.”  Pub.  L. No. 97-180, 96 Stat. 91.  The Crime Control Act of 1990 made a technical amendment to section 2318 to delete the comma after “phonorecords” in the title.  Pub.  L. No. 101-647, 104 Stat. 4789, 4928.  In 1994, section 2318(c)(1) was amended by inserting “section 46501 of title 49” in lieu of “section 101 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958.  Pub.  L. No. 103-272, 108 Stat. 745, 1374.  The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 amended section 2318(a) by inserting “under this title” in lieu of “not more than $250,000.”  Pub.  L. No. 103-322, 108 Stat. 1796, 2148. (As provided in 18 U.S.C.  Sec. 3571, the maximum fine for an individual is $250,000, and the maximum fine for an organization is $500,000.)

The Anticounterfeiting Consumer Protection Act of 1996 amended section 2318 by changing the title, by amending subsection (a) to insert “a computer program or documentation” through to “knowingly traffics in counterfeit documentation or packaging for a computer program” in lieu of “a motion picture or other audiovisual work” and by amending subsection (b)(3) to insert “computer program” after “motion picture.”  Pub.  L. No. 104-153, 110 Stat. 1386.  The Act also amended section 2318(c) by inserting “a copy of a copyrighted computer program or copyrighted documentation or packaging for a computer program” into paragraph (3) and by adding paragraph (4). Id. at 1387.

2 The Piracy and Counterfeiting Amendments Act of 1982 added section 2319 to title 18 of the United States Code. Pub.  L. No. 97-180, 96 Stat. 91, 92.  In 1992, section 2319 was amended by substituting a new subsection (b), by deleting “sound recording,” “motion picture” and “audiovisual work” from subsection (c)(1) and by substituting “120” for “118” in subsection (c)(2).  Pub.  L. No. 102-561, 106 Stat. 4233.  In 1997, a technical amendment corrected the spelling of “last” in subsection (b)(1) to “least.”  Pub.  L. No. 105-80, 111 Stat. 1529, 1536.