the prepuce longitudinally (Cosmos p. 369, Oct. 1876); the indigens of Port Lincoln on the West Coast split the virga:—­ Fenditur usque ad urethram a parse infera penis between the ages of twelve and fourteen, says E. J. Eyre in 1845.  Missionary Schurmann declares that they open the urethra.  Gason describes in the Dieyerie tribe the operation ’Kulpi” which is performed when the beard is long enough for tying.  The member is placed upon a slab of tree-bark, the urethra is incised with a quartz-flake mounted in a gum handle and a splinter of bark is inserted to keep the cut open.  These men may appear naked before women who expect others to clothe themselves.  Miklucho Maclay calls it “Mike” in Central Australia:  he was told by a squatter that of three hundred men only three or four had the member intact in order to get children, and that in one tribe the female births greatly outnumbered the male.  Those mutilated also marry:  when making water they sit like women slightly raising the penis, this in coition becomes flat and broad and the semen does not enter the matrix.  The explorer believes that the deed of kind is more quickly done (?).  Circumcision was also known to the New World.  Herrera relates that certain Mexicans cut off the ears and prepuce of the newly born child, causing many to die.  The Jews did not adopt the female circumcision of Egypt described by Huet on Origen—­“Circumcisio feminarum fit resectione (sive clitoridis) quae pars in Australium mulieribus ita crescit ut ferro est coercenda.”  Here we have the normal confusion between excision of the nymphae (usually for fibulation) and circumcision of the clitoris.  Bruce notices this clitoridectomy among the Aybssinians.  Werne describes the excision on the Upper White Nile and I have noted the complicated operation among the Somali tribes.  Girls in Dahome are circumcised by ancient sages femmes, and a woman in the natural state would be derided by every one (See my Mission to Dahome, ii. 159) The Australians cut out the clitoris, and as I have noted elsewhere extirpate the ovary for Malthusian purposes (Journ Anthrop.  Inst., vol. viii. of 1884).

[FN#181] Arab.  “Kayrawan” which is still the common name for curlew, the peewit and plover being called (onomatopoetically) “Bibat” and in Marocco Yahudi, certain impious Jews having been turned into the Vanellus Cristatus which still wears the black skullcap of the

[FN#182] Arab.  “Sawaki,” the leats which irrigate the ground and are opened and closed with

[FN#183] The eighth (in altitude) of the many-storied Heavens.

[FN#184] Arab.  “Ihramat li al-Salat,"i.e., she pronounced the formula of Intention (Niyat) with out which prayer is not valid, ending with Allaho Akbar—­Allah is All-great.  Thus she had clothed herself, as it were, in prayer and had retired from the world pro temp.

[FN#185] i.e.. the prayers of the last day and night which she had neglected while in company with the Jinns.  The Hammam is not a pure place to pray in; but the Farz or Koranic orisons should be recited there if the legal term be hard upon its end.