[Footnote 61:  See Narragansett Club Publications, vol. i. p. 22 (note 6).]

[Footnote 62:  On Block’s Map, 1616, the “Nahicans” are marked on the easternmost point of Long Island.]

2.  WONKUN, ‘bended,’ ‘a bend,’ was sometimes used without affix.  The Abnaki equivalent is [oo]a[n]ghighen, ‘courbe,’ ‘croche’ (Rale).  There was a Wongun, on the Connecticut, between Glastenbury and Wethersfield, and another, more considerable, a few miles below, in Middletown. Wonki is found in compound names, as an adjectival; as in Wonki-tuk, ‘bent river,’ on the Quinebaug, between Plainfield and Canterbury,—­written by early recorders, ‘Wongattuck,’ ‘Wanungatuck,’ &c., and at last transferred from its proper place to a hill and brook west of the river, where it is disguised as Nunkertunk.  The Great Bend between Hadley and Hatfield, Mass., was called Kuppo-wonkun-ohk, ‘close bend place,’ or ‘place shut-in by a bend.’  A tract of meadow west of this bend was called, in 1660, ‘Cappowonganick,’ and ‘Capawonk,’ and still retains, I believe, the latter name.[63] Wnogquetookoke, the Indian name of Stockbridge, Mass., as written by Dr. Edwards in the Muhhecan dialect, describes “a bend-of-the-river place.”

[Footnote 63:  Judd’s History of Hadley, 115, 116, 117.]

Another Abnaki word meaning ‘curved,’ ’crooked,’—­pika[n]ghen—­occurs in the name Pika[n]ghenahik, now ‘Crooked Island,’ in Penobscot River.[64]

[Footnote 64:  Mr. Moses Greenleaf, in 1823, wrote this name, Bakungunahik.]

3.  HOCQUAUN (UHQUON, Eliot), ‘hook-shaped,’ ’a hook,’—­is the base of Hoccanum, the name of a tract of land and the stream which bounds it, in East Hartford, and of other Hoccanums, in Hadley and in Yarmouth, Mass.  Heckewelder[65] wrote “Okhucquan, Woakhucquoan or (short) Hucquan,” for the modern ‘Occoquan,’ the name of a river in Virginia, and remarked:  “All these names signify a hook.”  Campanius has ‘hockung’ for ‘a hook.’

[Footnote 65:  On Indian names, in Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Society, N.S., vol. iv., p. 377.]

Hackensack may have had its name from the hucquan-sauk, ’hook mouth,’ by which the waters of Newark Bay find their way, around Bergen Point, by the Kill van Cul, to New York Bay.

3. [Transcriber’s Note:  sic] SOHK or SAUK, a root that denotes ‘pouring out,’ is the base of many local names for ‘the outlet’ or ‘discharge’ of a river or lake.  The Abnaki forms, sa[n]g[oo]k, ‘sortie de la riviere (seu) la source,’ and sa[n]ghede’teg[oo]e [= Mass. saukituk,] gave names to Saco in Maine, to the river which has its outflow at that place, and to Sagadahock (sa[n]ghede’aki), ‘land at the mouth’ of Kennebeck river.

Saucon, the name of a creek and township in Northampton county, Penn., “denotes (says Heckewelder[66]) the outlet of a smaller stream into a larger one,”—­which restricts the denotation too narrowly.  The name means “the outlet,”—­and nothing more.  Another Soh’coon, or (with the locative) Saukunk, “at the mouth” of the Big Beaver, on the Ohio,—­now in the township of Beaver, Penn.,—­was a well known rendezvous of Indian war parties.[67]