[Footnote 53:  3 Mass.  Hist.  Coll., iii. 181.]

[Footnote 54:  Dawson’s Acadian Geology, 2d ed., (London, 1868), pp. 3, 8.]

Of Etchemin and Micmac words having a similar termination, we find among others,—­

Shubenacadie (Chebenacardie on Charlevoix’ map, and Shebenacadia on Jeffry’s map of 1775).  One of the principal rivers of Nova Scotia, was so named because ‘sipen-ak were plenty there.’  Professor Dawson was informed by an “ancient Micmac patriarch,” that “Shuben or Sgabun means ground-nuts or Indian potatoes,” and by the Rev. Mr. Rand, of Hantsport, N.S., that “segubbun is a ground-nut, and Segubbuna-kaddy is the place or region of ground-nuts,” &c.[55] It is not quite certain that shuben and segubbun denote the same esculent root.  The Abnaki name of the wild potato or ground-nut was pen, pl. penak (Chip. opin-[=i]g; Del. obben-ak); ‘sipen,’ which is obviously the equivalent of sheben, Rale describes as “blanches, plus grosses que des penak:”  and sheep’n-ak is the modern Abnaki (Penobscot) name for the bulbous roots of the Yellow Lily (Lilium Canadense).  Thoreau’s Indian guide in the ‘Maine Woods’ told him that these bulbs “were good for soup, that is to cook with meat to thicken it,”—­and taught him how to prepare them.[56] Josselyn mentions such “a water-lily, with yellow flowers,” of which “the Indians eat the roots” boiled.[57]

[Footnote 55:  Acadian Geology, pp. 1, 3.]

[Footnote 56:  Maine Woods, pp. 194, 284, 326.]

[Footnote 57:  Voyages, p. 44.]

“Segoonuma-kaddy, place of gaspereaux; Gaspereau or Alewife River,” “Boonamoo-kwoddy, Tom Cod ground,” and “Kata-kaddy, eel-ground,”—­are given by Professor Dawson, on Mr. Rand’s authority. Segoonumak is the equivalent of Mass. and Narr. sequanamauquock, ‘spring (or early summer) fish,’ by R. Williams translated ‘bream.’  And boonamoo,—­the ponamo of Charlevoix (i. 127), who confounded it with some ’species of dog-fish (chien de mer),’—­is the ap[oo]na[n]-mes[oo] of Rasles and paponaumsu, ‘winter fish,’ of Roger Williams, ’which some call frost-fish,’—­Morrhua pruinosa.

The frequent occurrence of this termination in Micmac, Etchemin and Abnaki local names gives probability to the conjecture, that it came to be regarded as a general name for the region which these tribes inhabited,—­’L’arcadia,’ ‘l’Accadie,’ and ‘la Cadie,’ of early geographers and voyagers.  Dr. Kohl has not found this name on any earlier map than that published by Girolamo Ruscelli in 1561.[58] That it is of Indian origin there is hardly room for doubt, and of two or three possible derivations, that from the terminal _-kadi_, _-kodiah_, or _-ka[n]tti_, is on the whole preferable.  But this termination, in the sense of ‘place of abundance’ or in that of ’ground, land, or place,’ cannot be used separately, as an independent word, in any one of the languages which have been mentioned; and it is singular that, in two or three instances, only this termination should have been preserved after the first and more important component of the name was lost.