4. -PAUG, -POG, -BOG, (Abn. _-bega_ or _-begat_; Del. _-pecat_;) an inseparable generic, denoting ‘WATER AT REST,’ ‘standing water,’ is the substantival component of names of small lakes and ponds, throughout New England.[27] Some of the most common of these names are,—­

[Footnote 27:  Paug is regularly formed from pe (Abn. bi), the base of nippe, and may be translated more exactly by ’where water is’ or ‘place of water.’]

Massa-paug, ’great pond,’—­which appears in a great variety of modern forms, as Mashapaug, Mashpaug, Massapogue, Massapog, &c.  A pond in Cranston, near Providence, R.I.; another in Warwick, in the same State; ‘Alexander’s Lake,’ in Killingly; ‘Gardiner’s Lake,’ in Salem, Bozrah and Montville; ‘Tyler Pond,’ in Goshen; ponds in Sharon, Groton, and Lunenburg, Mass., were each of them the ‘Massapaug’ or ‘great pond’ of its vicinity.

Quinni-paug, ‘long pond.’  One in Killingly, gave a name to Quinebaug River and the ‘Quinebaug country.’  Endicott, in 1651, wrote this name ‘Qunnubbagge’ (3 Mass.  Hist.  Coll., iv. 191).  “Quinepoxet,” the name of a pond and small river in Princeton, Mass., appears to be a corruption of the diminutive with the locative affix; Quinni-paug-es-it, ‘at the little long pond.’

Wongun-paug, ‘crooked (or bent) pond.’  There is one of the name in Coventry, Conn.  Written, ‘Wangunbog,’ ‘Wungumbaug,’ &c.

Petuhkqui-paug, ‘round pond,’ now called ‘Dumpling Pond,’ in Greenwich, Conn., gave a name to a plain and brook in that town, and, occasionally, to the plantation settled there, sometimes written ‘Petuckquapock.’

Nunni-paug, ‘fresh pond.’  One in Edgartown, Martha’s Vineyard, gave a name (Nunnepoag) to an Indian village near it.  Eliot wrote nunnipog, for ‘fresh water,’ in James iii. 12.

Sonki-paug or so[n]ki-paug, ‘cool pond.’ (Sonkipog, ’cold water,’ Eliot.) Egunk-sonkipaug, or ‘the cool pond (spring) of Egunk’ hill in Sterling, Conn., is named in Chandler’s Survey of the Mohegan country, as one of the east bounds.

Pahke-paug, ‘clear pond’ or ‘pure water pond.’  This name occurs in various forms, as ‘Pahcupog,’ a pond near Westerly, R.I.;[28] ‘Pauquepaug,’ transferred from a pond to a brook in Kent and New Milford; ‘Paquabaug,’ near Shepaug River, in Roxbury, &c.  ‘Pequabuck’ river, in Bristol and Farmington, appears to derive its name from some ’clear pond,’—­perhaps the one between Bristol and Plymouth.

[Footnote 28:  A bound of Human Garret’s land, one mile north-easterly from Ninigret’s old Fort.  See Conn.  Col.  Records, ii. 314.]

Another noun-generic that denotes ‘lake’ or ‘fresh water at rest,’ is found in many Abnaki, northern Algonkin and Chippewa names, but not, perhaps, in Massachusetts or Connecticut.  This is the Algonkin _-g[)a]mi_, _-g[)o]mi_, or _-gummee_. Kitchi-gami or ‘Kechegummee,’ the Chippewa name of Lake Superior, is ’the greatest, or chief lake.’ Caucomgomoc, in Maine, is the Abn. kaaekou-gami-k, ‘at Big-Gull lake.’ Temi-gami, ‘deep lake,’ discharges its waters into Ottawa River, in Canada; Kinou-gami, now Kenocami, ‘long lake,’ into the Saguenay, at Chicoutimi.