Among these races were still to be found descendants of the Mazaiu and Uauaiu, who in days gone by had opposed the advance of the victorious Egyptians:  the name of the Uauaiu was, indeed, used as a generic term to distinguish all those tribes which frequented the mountains between the Nile and the Red Sea,* but the wave of conquest had passed far beyond the boundaries reached in early campaigns, and had brought the Egyptians into contact with nations with whom they had been in only indirect commercial relations in former times.

* The Annals of Thutmosis III. mention the tribute of Puanit for the peoples of the coast, the tribute of Uauait for the peoples of the mountain between the Nile and the sea, the tribute of Kush for the peoples of the south, or Ganbatiu.

[Illustration:  338.jpg ARRIVAL OF AN ETHIOPIAN QUEEN BRINGING TRIBUTE TO THE VICEROY OF KUSII]

     Drawn by Boudier, from a photograph by Insinger.

Some of these were light-coloured men of a type similar to that of the modern Abyssinians or Gallas:  they had the same haughty and imperious carriage, the same well-developed and powerful frames, and the same love of fighting.  Most of the remaining tribes were of black blood, and such of them as we see depicted on the monuments resemble closely the negroes inhabiting Central Africa at the present day.

[Illustration:  339.jpg TYPICAL GALLA WOMAN]

They have the same elongated skull, the low prominent forehead, hollow temples, short flattened nose, thick lips, broad shoulders, and salient breast, the latter contrasting sharply with the undeveloped appearance of the lower part of the body, which terminates in thin legs almost devoid of calves.  Egyptian civilization had already penetrated among these tribes, and, as far as dress and demeanour were concerned, their chiefs differed in no way from the great lords who formed the escort of the Pharaoh.  We see these provincial dignitaries represented in the white robe and petticoat of starched, pleated, and gauffered linen; an innate taste for bright colours, even in those early times, being betrayed by the red or yellow scarf in which they wrapped themselves, passing it over one shoulder and round the waist, whence the ends depended and formed a kind of apron.  A panther’s skin covered the back, and one or two ostrich-feathers waved from the top of the head or were fastened on one side to the fillet confining the hair, which was arranged in short curls and locks, stiffened with gum and matted with grease, so as to form a sort of cap or grotesque aureole round the skull.  The men delighted to load themselves with rings, bracelets, earrings, and necklaces, while from their arms, necks, and belts hung long strings of glass beads, which jingled with every movement of the wearer.  They seem to have frequently chosen a woman as their ruler, and her dress appears to have closely resembled that of the Egyptian ladies.  She appeared before her