{100a} Dr. Alison.  “Management of the Poor in Scotland.”

{100b} Alison.  “Principles of Population,” vol. ii.

{100c} Dr. Alison in an article read before the British Association for the Advancement of Science.  October, 1844, in York.

{104} “Manufacturing Population,” ch 8.

{105a} Report of Commission of Inquiry into the Employment of Children and Young Persons in Mines and Collieries and in the Trades and Manufactures in which numbers of them work together, not being included under the terms of the Factories’ Regulation Act.  First and Second Reports, Grainger’s Report.  Second Report usually cited as “Children’s Employment Commission’s Report.”  First Report, 1841; Second Report, 1843.

{105b} Fifth Annual Report of the Reg.  Gen. of Births, Deaths, and Marriages.

{106} Dr. Cowen.  “Vital Statistics of Glasgow.”

{107} Report of Commission of Inquiry into the State of Large Towns and Populous Districts.  First Report, 1844.  Appendix.

{108a} Factories’ Inquiry Commission’s Reports, 3rd vol.  Report of Dr. Hawkins on Lancashire, in which Dr. Robertson is cited—­the “Chief Authority for Statistics in Manchester.”

{108b} Quoted by Dr. Wade from the Report of the Parliamentary Factories’ Commission of 1832, in his “History of the Middle and Working-Classes.”  London, 1835, 3rd ed.

{112a} Children’s Employment Commission’s Report.  App.  Part II.  Q. 18, No. 216, 217, 226, 233, etc.  Horne.

{112b} Ibid. evidence, p. 9, 39; 133.

{113a} Ibid. p. 9, 36; 146.

{113b} Ibid. p. 34; 158.

{113c} Symonds’ Rep.  App.  Part I., pp.  E, 22, et seq.

{115a} “Arts and Artisans.”

{115b} “Principles of Population,” vol. ii. pp. 136, 197.

{116} We shall see later how the rebellion of the working-class against the bourgeoisie in England is legalised by the right of coalition.

{117a} “Chartism,” p. 34, et seq.

{117b} Ibid., p. 40.

{119} Shall I call bourgeois witnesses to bear testimony from me here, too?  I select one only, whom every one may read, namely, Adam Smith.  “Wealth of Nations” (McCulloch’s four volume edition), vol. iii., book 5, chap. 8, p. 297.

{120} “Principles of Population,” vol. ii., p. 76, et seq. p. 82, p. 135.

{122} “Philosophy of Manufactures,” London, 1835, p. 406, et seq.  We shall have occasion to refer further to this reputable work.

{125} “On the Present Condition of the Labouring Poor in Manchester,” etc.  By the Rev. Rd.  Parkinson, Canon of Manchester, 3d Ed., London and Manchester, 1841, Pamphlet.

{131a} “Manufacturing Population of England,” chap. 10.

{131b} The total of population, about fifteen millions, divided by the number of convicted criminals (22,733).