Surplus Population, 81, et seq. 139, 263, 266, 280, 287.

Ten Hours’ Bill, vii., 142, 172, 174, et seq. 230, 235, 284.

Truck System, vii., viii., 182-3, 185, 252, 253.

Ventilation of Dwellings, 36. 
   Mines, 249. 
   Towns, 27, 28, 36, 53, et seq. 63, 64, 96, et seq. 
   Workrooms, 155, 156, 158.

Workhouses, 287, et seq.

Footnotes.

{7} According to Porter’s Progress of the Nation, London, 1836, vol. i., 1838, vol. ii., 1843, vol. iii. (official data), and other sources chiefly official.

{20} Compare on this point my “Outlines for a Critique of Political Economy” in the Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher.

{23} This applies to the time of sailing vessels.  The Thames now is a dreary collection of ugly steamers.—­F.  E.

{32} Times, Oct. 12th, 1843.

{33} Quoted by Dr. W. P. Alison, F.R.S.E, Fellow and late President of the Royal College of Physicians, etc. etc.  “Observations on the Management of the Poor in Scotland and its Effects on the Health of Great Towns.”  Edinburgh, 1840.  The author is a religious Tory, brother of the historian, Archibald Alison.

{35a} “Report to the Home Secretary from the Poor-Law Commissioners on an Inquiry into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Classes in Great Britain with Appendix.”  Presented to both Houses of Parliament in July 1842, 3 vols.  Folio.

{35b} The Artisan, October, 1842.

{38} “Arts and Artisan at Home and Abroad,” by J. C. Symonds, Edinburgh, 1839.  The author, as it seems, himself a Scotchman, is a Liberal, and consequently fanatically opposed to every independent movement of working-men.  The passages here cited are to be found p. 116 et seq.

{40a} It must be borne in mind that these cellars are not mere storing-rooms for rubbish, but dwellings of human beings.

{40b} Compare Report of the Town Council in the Statistical Journal, vol. 2, p. 404.

{49} “The Moral and Physical Condition of the Working-Classes Employed in the Cotton Manufacture in Manchester.”  By James Ph.  Kay, M.D. 2nd Ed. 1832.

Dr. Kay confuses the working-class in general with the factory workers, otherwise an excellent pamphlet.

{55} And yet an English Liberal wiseacre asserts, in the Report of the Children’s Employment Commission, that these courts are the masterpiece of municipal architecture, because, like a multitude of little parks, they improve ventilation, the circulation of air!  Certainly, if each court had two or four broad open entrances facing each other, through which the air could pour; but they never have two, rarely one, and usually only a narrow covered passage.

{63} Nassau W. Senior.  “Letters on the Factory Act to the Rt.  Hon. the President of the Board of Trade” (Chas. Poulett Thompson, Esq.), London, 1837, p. 24.