[571:1] Even Polycrates of Ephesus admits that he had been requested by Victor to convene a synod.  Euseb. v. 24.  About sixty years afterwards Cyprian writes to Stephen of Rome requesting him to send letters into Gaul that Marcianus the bishop, who had sided with Novatian, “being excommunicated, another may be substituted in his room.”—­Cyprian, Epist. lxvii. pp. 248, 249.

[572:1] Thus he says—­“For neither did Peter, whom the Lord chose first, and on whom He built His Church, when Paul afterwards disputed with him about circumcision, claim or assume anything insolently and arrogantly to himself, so as to say that he held the primacy.”—­Epist. lxxi. p. 273.

[573:1] Gen. xi. 4.

[573:2] Book I. vision iii.  Sec. 3, &c.

[574:1] Rev. xiv. 6-8.

[575:1] 1 Tim. v. 17.

[576:1] See Bunsen’s “Hippolytus,” ii. 305, and iii. 35, 36.

[576:2] Bunsen’s “Hippolytus,” iii. 36.

[576:3] “Apost.  Constit.” ii. 57.

[576:4] [Greek:  kai oute ho panu dunatos en logo ton en tais ekklesiais proestoton, hetera touton erei (oudeis gar huper ton didaskalon) oute ho asthenes en to logo elattosei ten paradosin].—­Contra Haereses, i. c. 10.  Sec. 2.

[576:5] “Optatus adv.  Donat.” vii. 6.

[576:6] 1 Cor. xiv. 5, 24, 26, 31.

[577:1] Euseb. vi. 19.  It is to be observed that these laymen, having the sanction of the ecclesiastical authorities, were thus virtually licensed to preach.

[577:2] “Apost.  Constit.” vii. 46.  There was a Church at Cenchrea in the time of the apostles.  Rom. xvi. 1.  Strabo calls Cenchrea a village, lib. viii.

[577:3] See Bingham, iii. 129.

[577:4] Cyprian, “Council of Carthage.”  Girba, Mileum, Badias, and Carpi, the sees of these bishops, were all small places with, no doubt, a still smaller Christian population.

[578:1] Cyprian, “Council of Carthage.”

[578:2] Euseb. vii. 30.

[578:3] See Sage’s “Vindication of the Principles of the Cyprianic Age,” p. 348.  Edit., London, 1701.

[578:4] See Period II. sec. i. chap. v. pp. 355, 356.

[578:5] See Bingham, i. 41, 43.

[579:1] Bunsen’s “Hippolytus,” i. 129; and Wordsworth, p. 257.  It would appear from Celsus that not a few of the Church teachers in the second century supported themselves by manual labour.  See Origen, Opera, i. 484.

[579:2] “Adleguntur in ordinem ecclesiasticum artifices idolorum.”—­De Idololatria, c. vii.  Malchion, one of the presbyters of Antioch in the time of Paul of Samosata, was the head-master of one of the principal schools in the place.  Euseb. vii. 29.

[579:3] Cyprian, Epist. lxvi. p. 246.  In after times the bishop himself was the grand-executor, having the charge of all the wills of his diocese!

[581:1] Council of Elvira, A.D. 305, 18th canon.

[581:2] Period II. sec. iii. chap. vi. p. 533.