Thus much, and more, wrote Butler in his ‘Hudibras’ of William Lilly, who was famous in London during that eventful period of English history from the time of Charles I, onward through the Commonwealth and the Protectorate, to the Restoration:  a time of civil commotions and wars, when political parties and religious sects, striving for mastery, or struggling for existence, made the lives and estates of men insecure, and their outlook in many respects a troubled one.  Lifelong connections of families and neighbors were then rudely severed, and doubt, distrust, and discontent filled all minds, or most.  Of this widespread commotion London was the active centre; and there a judgment of God, called the plague, had, in the year 1625, desolated whole streets.  The timid, time-serving, faithless, a wavering host, peered anxiously into the future, eager to know what might be hidden there, so that they could shape their course accordingly for safety or for profit.  Finding their own short vision inadequate, they turned for aid to the professional prophets of that troublous time—­magicians who could call forth spirits and make them speak, or astrologers who could read the stars, and show how the great Disposer of events could be forestalled.  These discoverers of the hidden, disclosers of the future, though branded now as impostors, were not therefore worse than their dupes; for in all ages the two classes, deceivers and deceived, are essentially alike; positives and negatives of the same thing.  ’Men are not deceived; they deceive themselves.’  Witness a great American nation, in these latter days, electing its ablest man to its highest place, and choosing between a Fremont and a Buchanan!  But let us turn quickly to the seventeenth century again, and leave the nineteenth to its day of judgment.

Among the many astrologers dwelling in London at the time of which we treat, William Lilly was the most famous; and his life being of great interest to himself, he wrote an account of it for the instruction of mankind—­or for some other purpose; and we will now get from it what we conveniently can.[1]

‘I was born,’ says this renowned astrologer, ’in the county of Leicester, in an obscure town, in the northwest part thereof, called Diseworth, seven miles south of the town of Derby, one mile from Castle Donnington.’  ’This town of Diseworth is divided into three parishes; one part belongs under Lockington, in which stands my father’s house (over against the steeple), in which I was born’ on the first day of May, 1602.  After this rather too minute account of his birthplace, Lilly tells us of his ancestors, substantial yeomen for many generations, who ‘had much free land and many houses in the town;’ but all the family estates were ’sold by my grandfather and father, so that now our family depends wholly on a college lease.’  ’Of my infancy I can speak but little; only I do remember that in the fourth year of my age I had the measles.’  ’My mother intended I should be a scholar from