agitari as Passive of persequi;

    temptari as Passive of adoriri.

2.  The lack of the Perfect Active Participle in Latin is supplied—­

  a) Sometimes by the Perfect Passive Participle of the Deponent; as,—­

    adhortatus, having exhorted;

    veritus, having feared.

  b) By the Ablative Absolute; as,—­

    hostium agris vastatis Caesar exercitum reduxit, having ravaged the
    country of the enemy, Caesar led back his army.

  c) By subordinate clauses; as,—­

    eo cum advenisset, castra posuit, having arrived there, he pitched a
    camp;

    hostes qui in urbem irruperant, the enemy having burst into the city.

3.  The Latin agrees with English in the stylistic employment of the Second Person Singular in an indefinite sense (= ’one’). Cf. the English ’You can drive a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink.’ But in Latin this use is mainly confined to certain varieties of the Subjunctive, especially the Potential (Sec. 280), Jussive (Sec. 275), Deliberative (Sec. 277), and the Subjunctive in conditional sentences of the sort included under Sec. 302, 2, and 303.  Examples:—­

    videres, you could see;

    utare viribus, use your strength,

    quid hoc homine facias, what are you to do with this man?

    mens quoque et animus, nisi tamquam lumini oleum instilles,
    exstinguuntur senectute, the intellect and mind too are extinguished
    by old age, unless, so to speak, you keep pouring oil into the lamp;

tanto amore possessiones suas amplexi tenebant, ut ab eis membra divelli citius posse diceres, they clung to their possessions with such an affectionate embrace, that you would have said their limbs could sooner be torn from their bodies.

PECULIARITIES IN THE USE OF THE ACCUSATIVE.

357. 1.  To denote ‘so many years, etc., afterwards or before’ the Latin employs not merely the Ablative of Degree of Difference with post and ante (see Sec. 223), but has other forms of expression.  Thus:—­

    post quinque annos, five years afterward;

    paucos ante dies, a few days before;

    ante quadriennium, four years before;

    post diem quartum quam ab urbe discesseramus, four days after we had
    left the city;

    ante tertium annum quam decesserat, three years before he had died.

2.  The Latin seldom combines both Subject and Object with the same Infinitive; as,—­

    Romanos Hannibalem vicisse constat.

Such a sentence would be ambiguous, and might mean either that the Romans had conquered Hannibal, or that Hannibal had conquered the Romans.  Perspicuity was gained by the use of the Passive Infinitive; as,—­