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asperitas viarum = rough roads.

c) Hendiadys (see Sec. 374, 4); as,—

ratio et ordo = systematic order;

ardor et impetus = eager onset.

d) Sometimes an Adverb; as,—

omnes circa populi, all the surrounding tribes;

suos semper hostes, their perpetual foes.

2. Often a Latin Noun is equivalent to an English Noun modified by an Adjective; as,—

doctrina, theoretical knowledge;

prudentia, practical knowledge;

oppidum, walled town;

libellus, little book.

3. Adjectives are not used in immediate agreement with proper names; but an Adjective may limit vir, homo, ille, or some other word used as an Appositive of a proper name; as,—

Socrates, homo sapiens = the wise Socrates;

Scipio, vir fortissimus = the doughty Scipio;

Syracusae, urbs praeclarissima = famous Syracuse.

4. An Adjective may be equivalent to a Possessive or Subjective Genitive; as,—

pastor regius, the shepherd of the king;

tumultus servilis, the uprising of the slaves.

PRONOUNS.

355. 1. In Compound Sentences the Relative Pronoun has a fondness for connecting itself with the subordinate clause rather than the main one; as,—

    a quo cum quaereretur, quid maxime expediret, respondit, when it was
    asked of him what was best, he replied. (Less commonly, qui, cum ab eo
    quaereretur, respondit.)

2. Uterque, ambo. Uterque means each of two; ambo means both; as,—

uterque frater abiit, each of the two brothers departed (i.e.
separately);

ambo fratres abierunt, i.e. the two brothers departed together.

a. The Plural of uterque occurs—

1) With Nouns used only in the Plural (see Sec. 56); as,—

in utrisque castris, in each camp.

2) Where there is a distinct reference to two groups of persons or
things; as,—

utrique duces clari fuerunt, the generals on each side (several in
number) were famous.

VERBS.

356. 1. In case of Defective and Deponent Verbs, a Passive is supplied:—

a) By the corresponding verbal Nouns in combination with esse, etc.;
as,—

in odio sumus, we are hated;