forms of abnormal wish-fulfillment beside this of dreams.  Indeed, the theory of all psychoneurotic symptoms culminates in the proposition that they too must be taken as wish-fulfillments of the unconscious.  Our explanation makes the dream only the first member of a group most important for the psychiatrist, an understanding of which means the solution of the purely psychological part of the psychiatric problem.  But other members of this group of wish-fulfillments, e.g., the hysterical symptoms, evince one essential quality which I have so far failed to find in the dream.  Thus, from the investigations frequently referred to in this treatise, I know that the formation of an hysterical symptom necessitates the combination of both streams of our psychic life.  The symptom is not merely the expression of a realized unconscious wish, but it must be joined by another wish from the foreconscious which is fulfilled by the same symptom; so that the symptom is at least doubly determined, once by each one of the conflicting systems.  Just as in the dream, there is no limit to further over-determination.  The determination not derived from the Unc. is, as far as I can see, invariably a stream of thought in reaction against the unconscious wish, e.g., a self-punishment.  Hence I may say, in general, that an hysterical symptom originates only where two contrasting wish-fulfillments, having their source in different psychic systems, are able to combine in one expression. (Compare my latest formulation of the origin of the hysterical symptoms in a treatise published by the Zeitschrift fuer Sexualwissenschaft, by Hirschfeld and others, 1908).  Examples on this point would prove of little value, as nothing but a complete unveiling of the complication in question would carry conviction.  I therefore content myself with the mere assertion, and will cite an example, not for conviction but for explication.  The hysterical vomiting of a female patient proved, on the one hand, to be the realization of an unconscious fancy from the time of puberty, that she might be continuously pregnant and have a multitude of children, and this was subsequently united with the wish that she might have them from as many men as possible.  Against this immoderate wish there arose a powerful defensive impulse.  But as the vomiting might spoil the patient’s figure and beauty, so that she would not find favor in the eyes of mankind, the symptom was therefore in keeping with her punitive trend of thought, and, being thus admissible from both sides, it was allowed to become a reality.  This is the same manner of consenting to a wish-fulfillment which the queen of the Parthians chose for the triumvir Crassus.  Believing that he had undertaken the campaign out of greed for gold, she caused molten gold to be poured into the throat of the corpse.  “Now hast thou what thou hast longed for.”  As yet we know of the dream only that it expresses a wish-fulfillment of the unconscious; and apparently