[Footnote 619:  Mahaparinibbana-sutta, II. 26.  Another expressive compound is Dhumaka-likam (Cullav.  XI. 1. 9) literally smoke-timed.  The disciples were afraid that the discipline of the Buddha might last only as long as the smoke of his funeral pyre.]

[Footnote 620:  Winternitz has acutely remarked that the Pali Pitaka resembles the Upanishads in style.  See also Keith, Ait.  Ar. p. 55.  For repetitions in the Upanishads, see Chand. v. 3. 4 ff., v. 12 ff. and much in VII. and VIII., Brihad.  Ar.  III. ix. 9 ff., VI. iii. 2, etc.  This Upanishad relates the incident of Yajnavalkya and Maitreyi twice.  So far as style goes, I see no reason why the earliest parts of the Vinaya and Sutta Pitaka should not have been composed immediately after the Buddha’s death.]

[Footnote 621:  E.g.  Mahav. 1. 49, Dig.  Nik.  I. 14, Sut.  Vib.  Bhikkhuni, LXIX., Sut.  Vib.  Paraj.  III. 4. 4.]

[Footnote 622:  Cullav.  IV. 15. 4.]

[Footnote 623:  Ang.  Nik.  IV. 100. 5, ib. v. lxxiv. 5.]

[Footnote 624:  See Buehler in Epigraphia Indica, vol.  II. p. 93.]

[Footnote 625:  Even at the time of Fa Hsien’s visit to India (c. 400 A.D.) the Vinaya of the Sarvastivadin school was preserved orally and not written.  See Legge’s trans, p. 99.]

[Footnote 626:  Ang.  Nik.  IV. 160. 5, Bhikkhu bahussuta ... matikadhara monks who carry in memory the indices.]

[Footnote 627:  Cullavag.  XI., XII. ]

[Footnote 628:  Dig.  Nik. 1.]

[Footnote 629:  It is remarkable that this account contemplates five Nikayas (of which the fifth is believed to be late) but only two Pitakas, the Abhidhamma not being mentioned.]

[Footnote 630:  It refers to a king Pingalaka, said to have reigned two hundred years after the Buddha’s time.]

[Footnote 631:  Mahav XI. 3.]

[Footnote 632:  Mahav.  II. 17.]

[Footnote 633:  Cullav.  IX. 5.]

[Footnote 634:  The passages are: 

  1.  The Vinaya-Samukasa.  Perhaps the sermon at Benares with
     introductory matter found at the beginning of the Mahavagga. 
     See Edmunds, in J.R.A.S. 1913, p. 385.
  2.  The Alia-Vasani (Pali Ariya-Vasani) = the Samgiti-sutta of the
     Digha Nikaya.
  3.  The Anagata-bhayani = Anguttara-Nikaya, V. 77-80, or part of it.
  4.  The Munigatha=Sutta-Nipata, 206-220.
  5.  The Moneyasute=Moneyya-sutta in the Itivuttakam, 67:  see
     also Ang.  Nik.  III. 120.
  6.  The Upatisapasine.  The question of Upatissa:  not identified.
  7.  The Laghulovade musavadam adhigicya.  The addresses to Rahula
     beginning with subject of lying=Maj.  Nik. 61.]

[Footnote 635:  See J.A. 1916, II. pp. 20,38.]

[Footnote 636:  For the date see the chapter on Ceylon.]

[Footnote 637:  S. Levi gives reasons for thinking that the prohibitions against singing sacred texts (ayataka gitassara, Cullavag.  V. 3) go back to the period when the Vedic accent was a living reality.  See J.A. 1915, I. pp. 401 ff.]