The Khuddaka-Nikaya seems to have been wanting in the Pitaka of the Sarvastivadins or whatever sect supplied the originals from which the Chinese Canon was translated, for this Canon classes the Dhammapada as a miscellaneous work outside the Sutta Pitaka.  Fragments of the Sutta-nipata have been found in Turkestan but it is not clear to what Pitaka it was considered to belong.  For mentions of the Khuddaka-Nikaya in Chinese see J.A. 1916, pp. 32-3.]

[Footnote 609:  See J.R.A.S. 1891, p. 560.  See too Journal P.T.S. 1919, p. 44.  Lexicographical notes.]

[Footnote 610:  Mrs Rhys Davids’ Translations of the Dhamma-sangani give a good idea of these books.]

[Footnote 611:  The works comprised in this Pitaka are: 

1.  Dhamma-sangani. 2.  Vibhanga. 3.  Katha-vatthu. 4.  Puggala-pannatti. 5.  Dhatu-katha. 6.  Yamaka. 7.  Patthana.

The Abhidhamma of the Sarvastivadins was entirely different.  It seems probable that the Abhidhamma books of all schools consisted almost entirely of explanatory matter and added very little to the doctrine laid down in the suttas.  It would appear that the only new topic introduced in the Pali Abhidhamma is the theory of relations (paccaya).]

[Footnote 612:  Maj.  Nik.  XXII. and Angut.  Nik.  IV. 6.]

[Footnote 613:  Pali means primarily a line or row and then a text as distinguished from the commentary.  Thus Palimattam means the text without the commentary and Palibhasa is the language of the text or what we call Pali.  See Pali and Sanskrit, R.O.  Franke, 1902.  Windisch, “Ueber den sprachlichen Character des Pali,” in Actes du XIV’me Congres des Orientalistes, 1905.  Grierson, “Home of Pali” in Bhandarkar Commemorative Essays, 1917.]

[Footnote 614:  It is not easy to say how late or to what extent Pali was used in India.  The Milinda-Panha (or at least books II. and III.) was probably composed in North Western India about the time of our era.  Dharmapala wrote his commentaries (c. 500 A.D.) in the extreme south, probably at Conjeevaram.  Pali inscriptions of the second or third century A.D. have been discovered at Sarnath but contain mistakes which show that the engraver did not understand the language (Epig.  Ind. 1908, p. 391).  Bendall found Pali MSS. in Nepal, J.R.A.S. 1899, p. 422.]

[Footnote 615:  Magadha of course was not his birth-place and the dialect of Kosala must have been his native language.  But it is not hinted that he had any difficulty in making himself understood in Magadha and elsewhere.]

[Footnote 616:  E.g. nominatives singular in e.  For the possible existence of scriptures anterior to the Pali version and in another dialect, see S. Levi, J.A. 1912, II. p. 495.]

[Footnote 617:  Cullavag.  V. 33, chandaso aropema.]

[Footnote 618:  Although Pali became a sacred language in the South, yet in China, Tibet and Central Asia the scriptures were translated into the idioms of the various countries which accepted Buddhism.]