[Footnote 540:  Chap.  VIII.  Sec. 3.]

[Footnote 541:  Required not so much to purify water as to prevent the accidental destruction of insects.]

[Footnote 542:  It might begin either the day after the full moon of Asalha (June-July) or a month later.  In either case the period was three months.  Mahavag.  III. 2.]

[Footnote 543:  Cullavag.  X. 1.]

[Footnote 544:  See the papers by Mrs Bode in J.R.A.S. 1893, pp. 517-66 and 763-98, and Mrs Rhys Davids in Ninth Congress of Orientalists, vol.  I. p. 344.]

[Footnote 545:  Feminine Upasika.]

[Footnote 546:  Sutta-Nipata, 289.]

[Footnote 547:  E.g. Mahamangala and Dhammika-Sutta in Sut.  Nip.  II. 4 and 14.]

[Footnote 548:  Dig.  Nik. 31.]

[Footnote 549:  It may seem superfluous to insist on this, yet Warren in his Buddhism in Translations uniformly renders Bhikkhu by priest.]

[Footnote 550:  The same idea occurs in the Upanishads, e.g. Brih.-Ar.  Up.  IV. 4. 23, “he becomes a true Brahman.”]

[Footnote 551:  Especially in R.O.  Franke’s article in the J.P.T.S. 1908.  To demonstrate the “literary dependence” of chapters XI., XII. of the Cullavagga does not seem to me equivalent to demonstrating that the narratives contained in those chapters are “air-bubbles.”]

[Footnote 552:  The mantras of the Brahmans were hardly a sacred book analogous to the Bible or Koran and, besides, the early Buddhists would not have wished to imitate them.]

[Footnote 553:  E.g. Dig.  Nik.  XVI.]

[Footnote 554:  Cullav.  XI. i. 11.]

[Footnote 555:  Especially in Chinese works.]

[Footnote 556:  Upali, Dasaka, Sonaka, Siggava (with whom the name of Candravajji is sometimes coupled) and Tissa Moggaliputta.  This is the list given in the Dipavamsa.]

[Footnote 557:  Sam.  Nik.  XVI. 11.  The whole section is called Kassapa Samyutta.]

[Footnote 558:  They are to be found chiefly in Cullavagga, XII., Dipavamsa, IV. and V. and Mahavamsa, IV.]

[Footnote 559:  The Dipavamsa adds that all the principal monks present had seen the Buddha.  They must therefore all have been considerably over a hundred years old so that the chronology is open to grave doubt.  It would be easier if we could suppose the meeting was held a hundred years after the enlightenment.]

[Footnote 560:  They are said to have rejected the Parivara, the Patisambhida, the Niddesa and parts of the Jataka.  These are all later parts of the Canon and if the word rejection were taken literally it would imply that the Mahasangiti was late too.  But perhaps all that is meant is that the books were not found in their Canon.  Chinese sources (e.g. Fa Hsien, tr.  Legge, p. 99) state that they had an Abhidhamma of their own.]

[Footnote 561:  Buddhist Records of the Western World, vol.  II. pp. 164-5; Watters, Yuean Chwang, pp. 159-161.]