[Footnote 516:  It may be that the Buddha had in his mind the idea that a flame which goes out returns to the primitive invisible state of fire.  This view is advocated by Schrader (Jour.  Pali Text Soc. 1905, p. 167).  The passages which he cites seem to me to show that there was supposed to be such an invisible store from which fire is born but to be less conclusive as proving that fire which goes out is supposed to return to that store, though the quotation from the Maitreyi Up. points in this direction.  For the metaphor of the flame see also Sutta-Nipata, verses 1074-6.]

[Footnote 517:  XLIV. 1.]

[Footnote 518:  Maj.  Nik. 9, ad init.  Asmiti ditthim ananusayam samuhanitva.]

[Footnote 519:  See especially Sutta-Nipata, 1076 Atthan gatassa na pamanam atthi, etc.]

[Footnote 520:  Sam.  Nik.  XXII. 85.]

[Footnote 521:  Maj.  Nik. 22, Alagaddupama-suttam.]

[Footnote 522:  Later in the same Sutta:  Kevalo paripuro baladhammo.]

[Footnote 523:  Four emphatic synonyms in the original.]

[Footnote 524:  Dig.  Nik.  I. 73 uccinna-bhava-nettiko.]

[Footnote 525:  I recommend the reader to consider carefully the passage at the end of Book IV. of Schopenhauer’s Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung (Haldane and Kemp’s translation, vol.  I. pp. 529-530).  Though he evidently misunderstood what he calls “the Nirvana of the Buddhists” yet his own thought throws much light on it.]

[Footnote 526:  Sk. Bhikshu, beggar or mendicant, because they live on alms. Bhikshacaryam occurs in Brihad-Ar.  Up.  III. 5.  I.]

[Footnote 527:  Mahavag.  I. 49, cf. ib.  I. 39.]

[Footnote 528:  Dig.  Nik.  VIII.]

[Footnote 529:  Cullavag.  I. 1. 3.]

[Footnote 530:  Sam.  Nik.  XIV. 15. 12, Ang.  Nik.  I. xiv.]

[Footnote 531:  Mahavag.  III. 12.]

[Footnote 532:  Or the opinion of single persons, e.g.  Visakha in Mahavag.  III. 13.]

[Footnote 533:  Acarangasut, II. 2. 2.]

[Footnote 534:  Mahav.  I. 42.]

[Footnote 535:  But converted robbers were occasionally admitted, e.g.  Angulimala.]

[Footnote 536:  Sam.  Nik.  IV.  XXXV., Maj.  Nik. 8 ad fin.  On the value attached by mystics in all countries to trees and flowers, see Underhill, Mysticism, p. 231.]

[Footnote 537:  They are abstinence from (1) destroying life, (2) stealing, (3) impurity, (4) lying, (5) intoxicants, (6) eating at forbidden times, (7) dancing, music and theatres, (8) garlands, perfumes, ornaments, (9) high or large beds, (10) accepting gold or silver.]

[Footnote 538:  These are practically equivalent to Sundays, being the new moon, full moon and the eighth days from the new and full moon.  In Tibet however the 14th, 15th, 29th and 30th of each month are observed.]

[Footnote 539:  Mahavag.  II. 1-2.]