or Levant.  It occurs in irregular, rounded, flattened masses, seldom exceeding two pounds in weight, and surrounded by leaves of a kind of sorrel; the quantity of morphia said to be derived from average specimens is eight per cent.

Second, Constantinople Opium, two kinds of which are found in the market, one in very voluminous irregular cakes, which are flattened like the Smyrna; this is a good quality.  The other kind is in small, flattened, regular cakes, from two to two and a half inches in diameter, and covered with the leaves of the poppy; the quantity of morphia is very uncertain in this description of opium, sometimes mounting as high as 15 per cent., and sometimes descending so low as six, showing the great variety in the quality of the drug.

Third, Egyptian Opium, occurs in round flattened cakes, about 3 inches in diameter, and covered externally with the vestiges of some leaf.  It is distinguished from the others by its reddish color, resembling “Socotrine Aloes.”  The quantity of morphia in this is inferior to the preceding.  It has one quality which, when adulterated, ought to be known, that is a musty smell.  By keeping it does not blacken like the other kinds.

Fourth, English Opium, is in flat cakes or balls enveloped in leaves.  It resembles fine Egyptian opium more than any other kind.  Its color is that of hepatic aloes, and in the quantity of morphia it is inferior to the preceding, but in the strength of the mass it is said by one of its most extensive cultivators to be superior.

Fifth, French, and sixth German Opium, require no particular remarks.  By a recent notice I find the French are cultivating the poppy in Algeria, from which they get opium giving a small per centage of morphia.

    Seventh, Trebizond or Persian Opium, is sometimes met with of a
    very inferior quality in the form of cylindrical sticks, which by
    pressure have become angular.

Eighth, Indian Opium, divided into four kinds, Cutch, Malwa, Patna and Benares.  Of these Cutch is but little known or cultivated.  It occurs in small cakes covered with leaves, and its color is much inferior to Smyrna.  Malwa opium is to be met with of two kinds.  The inferior is in flattened cakes, without any external covering, dull, opaque, blackish brown externally, internally somewhat darker, and soft.  Its color is somewhat like the Smyrna, but less powerful, and with a slight smoky smell.  Superior Malwa is in square cakes, about three inches in length and one inch thick.  It has the appearance of a well prepared, shining, dry, pharmaceutical extract; its color is blackish brown, its odor less powerful than Smyrna; it is not covered by petals as the following kinds are, but smeared with oil; it is then rubbed with pounded petals.

The Behar, Patna, and Benares Opium,