grown for the purpose in Spain, Portugal, and Italy is R.  Cotinus, a shrub with pale purple flowers, whereas R. coriaria has greenish yellow blossoms.  They may be propagated by cuttings of the roots and layers. R. typhina, and R. glabia, with their varieties, are North American species, which are also used for tanning purposes.  In Montpellier and the South of France the twigs and leaves are known under the name of redoul or roudo.  They are gathered every year, and the shoots are chipped or reduced to powder by a mill.

The imports into the United Kingdom were in 1846,10,256 tons; in 1847, 11,975 tons; in 1848, 9,617 tons; in 1849, 12,590 tons; in 1850, 12,929 tons, and in 1852, 9,758; which were all retained for consumption.  In 1841, we received about 9,000 tons from the port of Leghorn.  There were exported from Sicily in 1842, 123,305 tons, valued at L68,894.  It is imported in packages of about a cwt., wrapped in cloth.  America takes a large quantity of sumach.  The imports into the port of Boston alone, were 19,070 bags in 1847; 34,524 in 1848; and 30,050 in 1849.

The prices in Liverpool, duty paid, in the close of this year, are per cwt.:—­

s.  d.      s.  d. 
Sicily, Messina       10  0   to  10  6
"     Palermo       12  0    "  13  0
"     Trieste        7  0    "   7  6
"     Verona         5  6    "   6  6
"     Tyrolese       8  0    "   9  0

SAFFLOWER.—­The dried flowers of Carthamus tinctorius yield a pink dye, which is used for silks and cottons, and the manufacture of rouge; the color, however, is very fugitive.  It is an annual plant, cultivated in China, India, Egypt, America, Spain, and some of the warmer parts of Europe; and is indigenous to the whole of the Indian Archipelago.  A large quantity is grown in and exported from Bali.  The Chinese safflower is considered the best, and that from Bombay is least esteemed.  The annual quantity exported from the district of Dacca averages about 150 tons.  The shipments from Calcutta exceed 300 tons to various quarters.  Our imports are on the decline, and are now only about 1,200 cwt. per annum.  Safflower was shown in the Great Exhibition from Celebes, Assam, the vicinity of Calcutta, Dacca, the states of Rajpootana, and other places.

There are two species:  C. tinctorius, which has small leaves and an orange flower; and C. oxyacantha, with larger leaves and a yellow flower, a native of Caucasus.  The former is cultivated in Egypt, the Levant, &c., where it forms a considerable article of commerce. 6,633 cwts. of safflower were imported into the United Kingdom in 1835, of which about one-half was retained for home consumption.  Of 5,352 cwts. imported in 1840, nearly the whole came from our possessions in the East.  In 1847, about 405 tons were imported; in 1848, 506 tons; in 1849, 407 tons; in 1850, 522 tons.  The price of safflower varies from L1 to L8 per cwt., according to quality.  That from Bombay is least esteemed, fetching only 20s. to 30s.