is, a joke against what they have made out of the
Jew. This is true especially, for instance,
of many points of religion and ritual. Thus we
cannot help feeling, for instance, that there is something
a little grotesque about the Hebrew habit of putting
on a top-hat as an act of worship. It is vaguely
mixed up with another line of humour, about another
class of Jew, who wears a large number of hats; and
who must not therefore be credited with an extreme
or extravagant religious zeal, leading him to pile
up a pagoda of hats towards heaven. To Western
eyes, in Western conditions, there really is something
inevitably fantastic about this formality of the synagogue.
But we ought to remember that we have made the Western
conditions which startle the Western eyes. It
seems odd to wear a modern top-hat as if it were a
mitre or a biretta; it seems quainter still when the
hat is worn even for the momentary purpose of saying
grace before lunch. It seems quaintest of all
when, at some Jewish luncheon parties, a tray of hats
is actually handed round, and each guest helps himself
to a hat as a sort of hors d’oeuvre.
All this could easily be turned into a joke; but we
ought to realise that the joke is against ourselves.
It is not merely we who make fun of it, but we who
have made it funny. For, after all, nobody can
pretend that this particular type of head-dress is
a part of that uncouth imagery “setting painting
and sculpture at defiance” which Renan remarked
in the tradition of Hebrew civilisation. Nobody
can say that a top-hat was among the strange symbolic
utensils dedicated to the obscure service of the Ark;
nobody can suppose that a top-hat descended from heaven
among the wings and wheels of the flying visions of
the Prophets. For this wild vision the West
is entirely responsible. Europe has created the
Tower of Giotto; but it has also created the topper.
We of the West must bear the burden, as best we may,
both of the responsibility and of the hat. It
is solely the special type and shape of hat that makes
the Hebrew ritual seem ridiculous. Performed
in the old original Hebrew fashion it is not ridiculous,
but rather if anything sublime. For the original
fashion was an oriental fashion; and the Jews are
orientals; and the mark of all such orientals is the
wearing of long and loose draperies. To throw
those loose draperies over the head is decidedly a
dignified and even poetic gesture. One can imagine
something like justice done to its majesty and mystery
in one of the great dark drawings of William Blake.
It may be true, and personally I think it is true,
that the Hebrew covering of the head signifies a certain
stress on the fear of God, which is the beginning
of wisdom, while the Christian uncovering of the head
suggests rather the love of God that is the end of
wisdom. But this has nothing to do with the taste
and dignity of the ceremony; and to do justice to
these we must treat the Jew as an oriental; we must
even dress him as an oriental.