At every landing place, from Jervis Bay to Barmouth Creek, the fresh water had been observed to diminish both in quantity and quality; and upon this coast of sand the difficulty of procuring it was expected to be very great.  It was, on the contrary, plentiful; there being many little runs which drained out from the sand hills, and either trickled over the rocky spots at their feet, or sank through the beaches into the sea.

The western gale being at length succeeded by a breeze at E. N. E., Mr. Bass left the Ram Head early on the 31st.  His course was W. by S., close to a low, sandy coast; the beach being interrupted by small, rocky points, not oftener than once in ten or fifteen miles.  The back land consisted of short ridges of irregular hills, lying at no great distance from the sea.  At noon, the latitude was 37 deg. 42’; and the distance run from the Ram Head, by computation, was thirty or thirty-five miles.

The furthest land seen by captain Cook, is marked at fifteen leagues from the Ram Head, and called Point Hicks; but at dusk Mr. Bass had run much more than that distance close along the shore, and could perceive no point or projection which would be distinguishable from a ship:  the coast continued to be straight, low, and sandy, similar to what had been passed in the morning.  There arose many large smokes from behind the beach; probably from the sides of lagoons, with which, there was reason to think, the back country abounded.

1798.

The breeze continuing to be fresh and favourable, Mr. Bass ventured to steer onward in the night, and kept the shore close a-bord.  At two in the morning, the increased hollowness of the waves made him suspect the water was becoming shallow; and he hauled off for an hour, until there was sufficient daylight to distinguish the land.  It was still low, level, and sandy, and trended S. W. by W., nearly as the boat was steering.  At seven o’clock, high land appeared at a considerable distance in the south-west; and the beach then trended in the same direction.  It, however, changed soon afterward, to run nearly west; and Mr. Bass quitted it to keep on his course for the high land.  The latitude at noon was 38 deg. 41’; and the difference made from the noon before, upon the average course of S. W. by W, makes the distance run 107 miles; which, added to the preceding thirty or thirty-five, gives the length of the beach from the Ram Head, to be about 140 miles.*

[* But the latitude observed appears to be 8’ or 10’ too little; and if so, the length of the beach would be something more than 150 miles.  It is no matter of surprise if observations taken from an open boat, in a high sea, should differ ten miles from the truth; but I judge that Mr. Bass’ quadrant must have received some injury during the night of the 31st, for a similar error appears to pervade all the future observations, even those taken under favourable circumstances.]

The high land extended from the bearing of S. W. by S. to W. N. W., and was distant in the latter direction two or three leagues.  North of it there was a deep bight; and further eastward, two or three places in the Long Beach which had the appearance of inlets.  To the south there were several rocky islets; and great numbers of petrels, and other sea-birds, were flying about the boat.