[Footnote 243:  Classical authorities only speak of bears in Scotland.  See P. 236.]

[Footnote 244:  Cyneget., I. 468.]

[Footnote 245:  Ibid. 69.]

[Footnote 246:  In II.  Cons.  Stilicho, III. 299:  Magnaque taurorum fracturae colla Britannae.]

[Footnote 247:  ‘Origins of English History,’ p. 294.]

[Footnote 248:  A brooch found at Silchester also represents this dog.]

[Footnote 249:  Symmachus (A.D. 390) represents them as so fierce as to require iron kennels (Ep.  II. 77).]

[Footnote 250:  Prudentius (contra Sab. 39):  Semifer, et Scoto sentit cane milite pejor.]

[Footnote 251:  Proleg. to Jeremiah, lib.  III.]

[Footnote 252:  Flavius Vopiscus (A.D. 300) tells us that vine-growing was also attempted, by special permission of the Emperor Probus.]

[Footnote 253:  The Lex Julia forbade the carrying of arms by civilians.]

[Footnote 254:  See Elton’s ‘Origins,’ p. 347.]

[Footnote 255:  Proem, v.]

[Footnote 256:  See Fronto,’De Bello Parthico’, I. 217.  The latest known inscription relating to this Legion is of A.D. 109 [C.I.L. vii. 241].]

[Footnote 257:  Spartianus (A.D. 300), ‘Hist.  Rom.’]

[Footnote 258:  About a fifth of the known legionary inscriptions of Britain have been found in Scotland.]

[Footnote 259:  See p. 233.]

[Footnote 260:  At the Battle of the Standard, 1138.]

[Footnote 261:  That Hadrian and not Severus (by whose name it is often called) was the builder of the Wall as well as of the adjoining fortresses is proved by his inscriptions being found not only in them, but in the “mile-castles” [see C.I.L. vii. 660-663].  Out of the 14 known British inscriptions of this Emperor, 8 are on the Wall; out of the 57 of Severus, 3 only.]

[Footnote 262:  Hadrian divided the Province of Britain [see p. 142] into “Upper” and “Lower”; but by what boundary is wholly conjectural.  All we know is that Dion Cassius [Xiph. lv.] places Chester and Caerleon in the former and York in the latter.  The boundary may thus have been the line from Mersey to Humber; “Upper” meaning “nearer to Rome.”]

[Footnote 263:  Neilson, ‘Per Lineam Valli,’ p.I.]

[Footnote 264:  See further pp. 203-212.]

[Footnote 265:  The figure has been supposed to represent Rome seated on Britain.  But the shield is not the oblong buckler of the Romans, but a round barbaric target.]

[Footnote 266:  So Tacitus speaks of “Submotis velut in aliam insulam hostibus” by Agricola’s rampart.  And Pliny says, “Alpes Gcrmaniam ab Italia submovent.”]

[Footnote 267:  Corpus Inscript.  Lat, vii. 1125.]

[Footnote 268:  Dio Cassius, lxxii. 8.]

[Footnote 269:  Aelius Lampridius, ‘De Commodo,’ c. 8.]

[Footnote 270:  Inscriptions in the Newcastle Museum show that bargemen from the Tigris were quartered on the Tyne.]