which can be wrought out.  The middle adjustment is wire screen work which may be bought at a hardware store and set into the position shown.  Fig. 17 shows a chipping off device useful in connection with this work.  Metal chippers can be bought at any tool store.  The chipper is placed in the jaws of the vise as at K, and secured there.  The strip of metal in process of cutting is marked M. The hammer head is caused to strike the metal just over the cutting edge of the chipper.  The quick, hard blow causes the cutting edge to penetrate far enough to sever the piece.  Bending cold with a wooden form is done as in Fig. 18.  The wooden form is marked P and is about 8 in. wide and 7 in. high, forming a one-sided oval shape.  There is a pin R set into the base board of the oval form and the strip of metal for bending is grasped at S and the other end is inserted back of the pin R. By applying pressure, the strip of metal is bent to the form.

Figure 19 shows the hour-glass wood bending form, made by selecting a piece of hard wood block, about 6 in. square and boring through with an inch bit.  Then the hole is shaped hour-glass like.  The view is a sectional one.  The block is placed in a vise and the strip for bending is inserted as at T.

The strip of metal is grasped at W and can be bent to various forms by exerting pressure.  Fig. 20 is another type of fireplace front, constructed by uniting the shaped metal pieces.  In fact an almost endless variety of designs can be wrought out after the start is once made.  A good way to figure the price on the grate is to add up the costs of the parts and charge about 12 cents per hour for the work.

** How to Make a Water Wheel [374]

Considerable power can be developed with an overshot water wheel erected as in Fig. 1.  This wheel is made with blocks of wood cut out in sections as indicated by the lines, so as to form the circle properly.  The wheel can be

[Illustration:  Overshot and Undershot Wheels]

about 24 in. in diameter to produce results and about 10 in. wide.  Get some tin cans and attach them around the wheel as shown.  Bore the wheel center out and put on the grooved wood wheel, P, and a rope for driving, R. This rope runs to a wooden frame in the manner illustrated.  The water is carried in a sluice affair, N, to the fall, O, where the water dippers are struck by the volume and from 2 to 4 hp. will be produced with this size of wheel if there is sufficient flow of water.  This power can be used for running two or three sewing machines, fans, fret-saws, and the like.  Another form of water wheel is shown in Fig. 2.  This is driven by an underflow of current.  This type of wheel can be made on lines similar to the other, only that the paddles are of wood and extend outward as shown.  The wheel is supported in a bearing on the piece S. A belt, T, communicates the power to the wheel V and from here the power is carried to any desired point.