If the cloth in process of being finished is for use as the backing or foundation of linoleum, it is invariably wound on to a wooden centre as it emerges from the bowls of the calender, measured as well, and the winding-on mechanism is of a friction drive somewhat similar to that mentioned in connection with the dressing machine.  Cloths for this purpose are often made up to 600 yards in length; indeed, special looms, with winding appliances, have been constructed to weave cloths up to 2,000 yards in length.  Special dressing machines and loom beams have to be made for the latter kind.  When the linoleum backing is finished at the calender, both cloth and centre are forwarded direct to the linoleum works.  The empty centres are returned periodically.

Narrow-width cloths are often made up into a roll by means of a simple machine termed a calenderoy, while somewhat similar cloth, and several types of cloths of much wider width, are lapped or folded by special machines such as that illustrated in Fig. 46.  The cloth passes over the oblique board, being guided by the discs shown, to the upper part of the carrier where it passes between the two bars.  As the carrier is oscillated from side to side (it is the right hand side in the illustration) the cloth is piled neatly in folds on the convex table.  The carriers may be adjusted to move through different distances, so that any width or length of fold, between limits, may be made.

Comparatively wide pieces can be folded on the above machine, but some merchants prefer to have wide pieces doubled lengthwise, and this is done by machines of different kinds.  In all cases, however, the operation is termed “crisping” in regard to jute fabrics.  Thus, Fig. 47, illustrates one type of machine used for this purpose, and made by Messrs. Urquhart, Lindsay & Ca., Ltd., Dundee.  The full-width cloth on the right has obviously two prominent stripes—­one near each side.  The full width cloth passes upwards obliquely a triangular board, and when the cloth reaches the apex it is doubled and passed between two bars also set obliquely on the left.  The doubled piece now passes between a pair of positively driven drawing rollers, and is then “faked,” “cuttled,” or pleated as indicated.  The machine thus automatically, doubles the piece, and delivers it as exemplified in folds of half width.  In other industries, this operation is termed creasing and, rigging.  Some of the later types of crisping or creasing machines double the cloth lengthwise as illustrated in Fig. 47, and, in addition, roll it at the same time instead of delivering it in loose folds.

[Illustration:  By permission of Messrs. Urquhart Lindsay & Co.  Ltd.  FIG. 47 CRISPING, CREASING OR RIGGING MACHINE]

If the cloth is intended to be cut up into lengths, say for the making of bags of various kinds, and millions of such bags are made annually, it is cut up into the desired lengths, either by hand, semi-mechanically, or wholly mechanically, and then the lengths are sewn at desired places by sewing machines, and in various ways according to requirements.