The compound leverage imparted to the bearings of the top bowl, and the weights of the bowls themselves, result in the necessary pressure, and this pressure may be varied according to the number of small weights used.  The heaviest finish on the calender, i.e. the chest-finish on the second top roller, imitates more or less the “mangle finish.”

[Illustration:  By permission of Messrs. Urquhart, Lindsay & Co., Ltd.  FIG. 45 HYDRAULIC MANGLE]

A heavy hydraulic mangle with its accumulator and made by Messrs. Urquhart, Lindsay & Co., Ltd., Dundee, is illustrated in Fig. 45.  The cloth is wound or beamed by the mechanism in the front on to what is termed a “mangle pin”; it is reality a thick iron bowl; when the piece is beamed, it is automatically moved between two huge rollers, and hydraulic pressure applied.  Four narrow pieces are shown in Fig. 45 on the pin, and between the two rollers.  There are other four narrow pieces, already beamed on another pin, in the beaming position, and there is still another pin at the delivery side with a similar number of cloths ready for being stripped.  The three pins are arranged thus o deg.o, and since all three are moved simultaneously, when the mangling operation is finished, each roller or pin is moved through 120 deg..  Thus, the stripped pin will be placed in the beaming position, the beamed pin carried into the mangling position, and the pin with the mangled cloth taken to the stripping position.

While the operation of mangling is proceeding, the rollers move first in one direction and then in the other direction, and this change of direction is accomplished automatically by mechanism situated between the accumulator and the helical-toothed gearing seen at the far end of the mangle.  And while this mangling is taking place, the operatives are beaming a fresh set, while the previously mangles pieces are being stripped by the plaiting-down apparatus which deposits the cloth in folds.  This operation is also known as “cuttling” or “faking.”  It will be, understood that a wide mangle, such as that illustrated in Fig. 45. is constructed specially for treating wide fabrics, and narrow fabrics are mangled on it simply because circumstances and change of trade from time to time demand it.

[Illustration:  By permission of Messrs. Charles Parker, Sons & Co.  Ltd.  Fig 46 FOLDING, LAPPING OR PLEATING MACHINE]

The high structure on the left is the accumulator, the manipulation of this and the number of wide weights which are ingeniously brought into action to act on the plunger determine the pressure which is applied to the fabrics between the bowls or rollers.

Cloths both from the calender and the mangle now pass through a measuring machine, the clock of which records the length passed through.  There are usually two hands and two circles of numbers on the clock face; one hand registers the units up to 10 on one circle of numbers, while the slower-moving hand registers 10, 20, 30, up to 100.  The measuring roller in these machines is usually one yard in circumference.