which were picked up serviceable, and persevered in using their enemies’ arrows, and practised shooting with them, letting them fly upwards to a great height[6].  There were also plenty of bowstrings found in the villages—­and lead, which they turned to account for their slings.  As a result of this day, then, the Hellenes chancing upon some villages had no sooner encamped than the barbarians fell back, having had distinctly the worst of it in the skirmishing.

[5] The best MSS read {Skuthai}, Scythians; if this is correct, it is
    only the technical name for “archers.”  Cf.  Arrian, “Tact.” ii. 13. 
    The police at Athens were technically so called, as being composed
    of Scythian slaves.  Cf.  Aristoph.  “Thesm.” 1017.

[6] I.e., in practising, in order to get the maximum range they let
    fly the arrows, not horizontally, but up into the air.  Sir W.
    Raleigh (Hist. of the World, iii. x. 8) says that Xenophon
    “trained his archers to short compass, who had been accustomed to
    the point blank,” but this is surely not Xenophon’s meaning.

The next day was a day of inaction:  they halted and took in supplies, as there was much corn in the villages; but on the day following, the march was continued through the plain (of the Tigris), and Tissaphernes still hung on their skirts with his skirmishers.  And now it was that the Hellenes discovered the defect of marching in a square with an enemy following.  As a matter of necessity, whenever the wings of an army so disposed draw together, either where a road narrows, or hills close in, or a bridge has to be crossed, the heavy infantry cannot help being squeezed out of their ranks, and march with difficulty, partly from actual pressure, and partly from the general confusion that ensues.  Or, supposing the wings are again extended, the troops have hardly recovered from their former distress before they are pulled asunder, and there is a wide space between the wings, and the men concerned lose confidence in themselves, especially with an enemy close behind.  What happened, when a bridge had to be crossed or other passage effected, was, that each unit of the force pressed on in anxiety to get over first, and at these moments it was easy for the enemy to make an attack.  The generals accordingly, having recognised the defect, set about curing it.  To do so, they made six lochi, or divisions of a hundred men apiece, each of which had its own set of captains and under-officers in command of half and quarter companies. 21 It was the duty of these new companies, during a march, whenever the flanks needed to close in, to fall back to the rear, so as to disencumber the wings.  This they did by wheeling clear of them.  When the sides of the oblong again extended, they filled up the interstices, if the gap were narrow, by columns of companies, if broader, by columns of half-companies, or, if broader still, by columns of quarter-companies, so that the space between was always filled up.  If again it were necessary to effect a passage by bridge or otherwise, there was no confusion, the several companies crossing in turns; or, if the occasion arose to form in line of battle, these companies came up to the front and fell in[7].