Oil
  Oirat, Mongol tribes
  Okinawa (see Ryukyu)
  Oeloet, Mongol tribes
  Opera
  Opium
    Opium War
  Oracle bones
  Ordos, area
  Orenburg, city
  Organizations (see hui-kuan Guilds, hong, Secret Societies)
  Orphanages
  Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  Ou-yang Hsiu, writer
  Outer Mongolia

  Pagoda
  Pai-chi (Paikche), state in Korea
  Pai-lien-hui (see White Lotus)
  Painting
  Palaeolithicum
  Pan Ch’ao, general
  pao-chia, security system
  Paper
    Paper money
    (see Money)
  Parliament
  Party (see Kuomintang, Communists)
  Pearl Harbour
  Peasant rebellions (see Rebellions)
  Peking, city
    Peking Man
  Pensions
  People’s Democracy
  Persecution, religious
  Persia (Iran)
    Persian language
  Peruz, ruler
  Philippines, state
  Philosophy, (see Confucius, Lao Tz[)u], Chuang Tz[)u],
    Huai-nan Tz[)u], Hsuen Tz[)u], Mencius, Hui Tz[)u], Mo Ti,
    Kung-sun Lung, Shang Tz[)u], Han Fei Tz[)u], Tsou Yen, Legalists,
    Chung-ch’ang, T’ung, Yuean Chi, Liu Ling, Chu Hsi, Ch’eng Hao,
    Lu Hsiang-shan, Wang Yang-ming, etc.)
  pi-chi, literary form
  pieh-yeh (see Manor)
  Pien-liang, city (see K’ai-feng)
  pien-wen, literary form
  Pig
  Pilgrims
  P’ing-ch’eng, city
  Pirates
  Plantation economy
  Plough
  Po Chue-i, poet
  Po-hai, state
  Poetry
    Court Poetry
    Northern Poetry
  Poets (see T’ao Ch’ien, Po Chue-i, Li T’ai-po, Tu Fu, etc.)
  Politicians, migratory
  Pontic migration
  Population changes
    Population decrease
    (see Census, Fertility)
  Porcelain
  Port Arthur, city
  Portsmouth, treaty
  Portuguese (see Fu-lan-chi, Macao)
  Potter
    Pottery
    black pottery
   (see Porcelain)
  Price controls
  Priests (see Shamans, Ju, Monks)
  Primogeniture
  Princes
  Printing (see Colour, Book)
  Privileges of gentry
  Proletariat (see Labour)
  Propaganda
  Property relations (see Laws, Inheritance, Primogeniture)
  Protectorate
  Provinces, administration
  pu-ch’ue, bondsmen
  P’u-ku Huai-en, general
  P’u Sung-lin, writer
  P’u Yi, Manchu ruler
  Puppet plays

  Railways
    Manchurian Railway
  Rebellions (see Peasants, Secret Societies, Revolutions)
  Red Eyebrows, peasant movement
  Red Guards
  Reforms; Reform of language (see Land reform)
  Regents
  Religion
    popular religion
   (see Bon, Shintoism, Persecution, Sacrifice, Ancestor cult,
    Fertility cults, Deities, Temples, Monasteries, Christianity, Islam,