Chang, Williamson B. C., "M. Butterfly: Passivity, Devious-ness, and the Invisibility of the Asian-American Male," in Bearing Dreams, Shaping Visions: Asian Pacific American Perspectives, edited by Linda A. Revilla, Gail M. Nomura, Shawn Wong, and Shirley Hune. Washington State University Press, 1993.
In this text, Chang argues that the play lacks a character with whom Asian males can identify because Song embodies a negative stereotype of Asians as devious and untrustworthy.
Deeney, John J., "Of monkeys and butterflies: transformation in M. H. Kingston's Tripmaster Monkey and D. H. Hwang's M. Butterfly," in MEWS, Vol. 18, No. 4, Winter 1993, p. 21.
This article is an analysis of how both works present characters seeking to transform themselves in reaction to stereotyped images that keep them from being recognized as individuals.
Gerard, Jeremy, "David Hwang: Riding on the.....
