The Promotion of Mathematical Research | Research & Encyclopedia Articles

The Promotion of Mathematical Research

Overview

The makers of mathematics and their modes of practice were transformed during the nineteenth century. New mathematical ideas were publicized in mathematical journals. Professional mathematicians began to meet together to share their research in local societies, which grew into national organizations. At the same time, these mathematicians created opportunities to complete their research as university professors and to train mathematics professionals. Toward the end of the century, an international congress was established. Indeed, by 1900 a growing community of specialized mathematicians cooperated around the world.

Background

Before 1800, mathematicians were generally isolated in their own nations. Mathematicians supported themselves through patronage from nobles or the state, or with their own personal wealth; even Isaac Newton (1642-1727) served as Master of the Mint in London. They generally exchanged ideas sporadically, in private letters or by publishing books containing their life's work. Although it remained possible for one person to master all existing mathematical knowledge, the body of mathematics was increasing. Still, amateurs and individuals outside institutions continued to dominate the exploration of mathematics since mathematics teachers were usually too busy to do research or to learn the new results on their own.

Around the turn of the nineteenth century, however, mathematicians increasingly gained awareness of mathematical improvements in other nations.

The Promotion of Mathematical Research article

Read the rest of this article.
This article contains 1,859 words (approx. 6 pages at 300 words per page).